希腊不同地区犬类的恶丝虫感染情况。
Dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of Greece.
作者信息
Diakou Anastasia, Kapantaidakis Emmanouil, Tamvakis Androniki, Giannakis Vassilios, Strus Nina
机构信息
Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100, Mytilene, Greece.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2016 Sep 20;9(1):508. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1797-6.
BACKGROUND
The nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens are enzootic in Greece. In the light of evidence of dirofilariosis spreading to new areas around the world, the aim of the present study was to update and enrich the current knowledge on the prevalence of Dirofilaria infections in dogs in Greece, to assess the risk factors of heartworm infection, and to initiate the drawing of the epizootiological map of canine dirofilariosis, investigating Dirofilaria infections in five locations along the north-south axis of the country, i.e. municipalities of Thessaloniki, Larissa, Achaia, Attica and Heraklion, associated with the five largest urban centres of Greece.
METHODS
Blood samples collected from 750 dogs in total, were examined by the modified Knott's method and by serology. A questionnaire including information about each examined dog was filled in and statistical analysis of the results was performed using the Chi-square test and a Binary Multiple Univariate Generalized Linear Model.
RESULTS
In total, 31 (4.1 %) out of 750 examined animals were found positive for D. immitis by any of the tests applied (Knott's method and serological examination). Moreover, microfilariae of D. repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum were detected by the Knott's method in 17 (2.3 %) and 10 (1.3 %) of the animals, respectively. At the municipality level, the prevalence of infection was 14, 7, 5.3, 0.7 and 0 % for D. immitis, 1, 2, 8.7, 0.3 and 0 % for D. repens, and 0, 3, 2.7, 0.7 and 1 % for A. reconditum in Thessaloniki, Larissa, Achaia, Attica and Heraklion, respectively. In addition, in three dogs (one each in Thessaloniki, Achaia and Attica) mixed D. immitis - D. repens infections were detected by the Knott's method. The area of the country, dog's usage and age were determined as risk factors for heartworm infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Northern areas of Greece have higher Dirofilaria prevalence and the prevalence in a western province (Achaia) is recorded for the first time. The mosquito population dynamics recorded in the past is likely to play an important role in the distribution of Dirofilaria infections in Greece, and needs further investigation. Similarly, the role of wild reservoirs of filarial parasites in different areas needs to be clarified. Promotion by veterinarians of preventive treatment and compliance by pet owners is essential in all parts of Greece, regardless of the recorded prevalence of infection.
背景
犬恶丝虫和匐行恶丝虫在希腊呈地方流行性。鉴于有证据表明丝虫病正在向世界各地的新地区蔓延，本研究的目的是更新和丰富关于希腊犬类恶丝虫感染率的现有知识，评估心丝虫感染的风险因素，并开始绘制犬类丝虫病的动物流行病学地图，调查该国南北轴线上五个地点（即塞萨洛尼基、拉里萨、阿哈伊亚、阿提卡和伊拉克利翁市）与希腊五个最大城市中心相关的恶丝虫感染情况。
方法
总共从750只犬采集血液样本，采用改良的Knott氏法和血清学方法进行检测。填写一份包含每只受检犬信息的问卷，并使用卡方检验和二元多变量单变量广义线性模型对结果进行统计分析。
结果
在总共750只受检动物中，通过任何一种应用的检测方法（Knott氏法和血清学检查），有31只（4.1%）被发现犬恶丝虫呈阳性。此外，通过Knott氏法在17只（2.3%）动物中检测到匐行恶丝虫微丝蚴，在10只（1.3%）动物中检测到隐匿棘唇线虫微丝蚴。在市一级，塞萨洛尼基、拉里萨、阿哈伊亚、阿提卡和伊拉克利翁市犬恶丝虫的感染率分别为14%、7%、5.3%、0.7%和0%，匐行恶丝虫的感染率分别为1%、2%、8.7%、0.3%和0%，隐匿棘唇线虫的感染率分别为0%、3%、2.7%、0.7%和1%。此外，通过Knott氏法在三只犬（塞萨洛尼基、阿哈伊亚和阿提卡各一只）中检测到犬恶丝虫和匐行恶丝虫混合感染。该国的地区、犬的用途和年龄被确定为心丝虫感染的风险因素。
结论
希腊北部地区恶丝虫感染率较高，首次记录了西部省份（阿哈伊亚）的感染率。过去记录的蚊虫种群动态可能在希腊恶丝虫感染的分布中起重要作用，需要进一步调查。同样，不同地区丝状寄生虫野生宿主的作用也需要阐明。无论记录的感染率如何，希腊各地的兽医推广预防性治疗以及宠物主人的依从性都是至关重要的。
Zotero 插件