Lau Cia-Hin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, SAR, China .
CRISPR J. 2018 Dec;1(6):379-404. doi: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0026.
CRISPR technology is rapidly evolving, and the scope of CRISPR applications is constantly expanding. CRISPR was originally employed for genome editing. Its application was then extended to epigenome editing, karyotype engineering, chromatin imaging, transcriptome, and metabolic pathway engineering. Now, CRISPR technology is being harnessed for genetic circuits engineering, cell signaling sensing, cellular events recording, lineage information reconstruction, gene drive, DNA genotyping, miRNA quantification, cloning, site-directed mutagenesis, genomic diversification, and proteomic analysis . It has also been implemented in the translational research of human diseases such as cancer immunotherapy, antiviral therapy, bacteriophage therapy, cancer diagnosis, pathogen screening, microbiota remodeling, stem-cell reprogramming, immunogenomic engineering, vaccine development, and antibody production. This review aims to summarize the key concepts of these CRISPR applications in order to capture the current state of play in this fast-moving field. The key mechanisms, strategies, and design principles for each technological advance are also highlighted.
CRISPR技术正在迅速发展，CRISPR应用的范围也在不断扩大。CRISPR最初用于基因组编辑。其应用随后扩展到表观基因组编辑、核型工程、染色质成像、转录组和代谢途径工程。现在，CRISPR技术正被用于基因回路工程、细胞信号传感、细胞事件记录、谱系信息重建、基因驱动、DNA基因分型、miRNA定量、克隆、定点诱变、基因组多样化和蛋白质组分析。它还已应用于人类疾病的转化研究，如癌症免疫治疗、抗病毒治疗、噬菌体治疗、癌症诊断、病原体筛查、微生物群重塑、干细胞重编程、免疫基因组工程、疫苗开发和抗体生产。本综述旨在总结这些CRISPR应用的关键概念，以把握这一快速发展领域的当前进展情况。还重点介绍了每项技术进展的关键机制、策略和设计原则。
