Mollanoori Hasan, Shahraki Hojat, Rahmati Yazdan, Teimourian Shahram
Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Hum Immunol. 2018 Dec;79(12):876-882. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology, an acquired immune system in bacteria and archaea, has provided a new tool for accurately genome editing. Using only a single nuclease protein in complex with 2 short RNA as a site-specific endonuclease made it a simple and flexible genome editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Due to recent developments in therapeutic engineered T cell and effective responses of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART19) in patients with B-cell leukemia and lymphoma, adoptive T cell immunotherapy, particularly CAR-T cell therapy became a rapidly growing field in cancer therapy and recently Kymriah and Yescarta (CD19-directed CAR-T cells) were approved by FDA. Therefore, the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a genome engineering tool and CAR-T cell therapy (engineered T cells that express chimeric antigen receptors) may lead to further improvement in efficiency and safety of CAR-T cells. This article reviews mechanism and therapeutic application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, accuracy of this technology, cancer immunotherapy by CAR T cells, the application of CRISPR technology for the production of universal CAR T cells, improving their antitumor efficacy, and biotech companies that invested in CRISPR technology for CAR-T cell therapy.
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