Sun Dong, Fekete Gusztáv, Baker Julien S, Gu Yaodong
Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary.
J Mot Behav. 2020;52(2):214-225. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1605972. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
Backward walking (BW) has been extensively used in athletic training and orthopedic rehabilitation as it may have value for enhancing balance. This study identified the differences in foot intersegment kinematics (forward walking (FW) vs. time-reversed BW) and plantar pressure parameters of 16 healthy habitually shod individuals walking FW and BW using flexible shoes (SH) and under barefoot conditions (BF). BW was found to have shorter stride length (SL) and higher stride frequency (SF) under BF conditions compared with SH, which indicates a better BW gait stability under BF conditions. Decreased HX/FF dorsiflexion at HO in BW induces less plantar aponeurosis tension which may inhibit the windlass mechanism compared to FW walking. Increased forefoot relative to hindfoot (FF/HF) pronation and sequentially hindfoot relative to tibia (HF/TB) eversion combined with medially distributed plantar pressure and a higher plantar contact area in the medial side in BW-BF maybe beneficial in maintaining balance. These results indicate that BW training may be more reliable under BF conditions compared to the SH conditions based on greater sensory information feedback from the plantar area resulting in better biomechanical behavior.
倒走（BW）已在运动训练和骨科康复中广泛应用，因为它可能对增强平衡有价值。本研究确定了16名习惯穿鞋的健康个体在穿着柔性鞋（SH）和赤足条件（BF）下向前行走（FW）和倒走时足部节段间运动学（正向行走（FW）与时间反转的BW）和足底压力参数的差异。结果发现，与SH相比，BF条件下BW的步幅长度（SL）较短，步频（SF）较高，这表明BF条件下BW步态稳定性更好。与FW行走相比，BW中HO处HX/FF背屈减少会导致足底腱膜张力降低，这可能会抑制绞盘机制。在BW-BF中，前足相对于后足（FF/HF）内旋增加，随后后足相对于胫骨（HF/TB）外翻增加，同时足底压力在内侧分布且内侧足底接触面积更大，这可能有利于维持平衡。这些结果表明，基于来自足底区域更多的感觉信息反馈导致更好的生物力学行为，与SH条件相比，BF条件下BW训练可能更可靠。
