IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.
Future Microbiol. 2019 May;14:623-641. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0317. Epub 2019 Apr 26.
Breastfeeding is a major determinant of human health. Breast milk is not sterile and ecological large-scale sequencing methods have revealed an unsuspected microbial diversity that plays an important role. However, microbiological analysis at the species level has been neglected while it is a prerequisite before understanding which microbe is associated with symbiosis or dysbiosis, and health or disease. We review the currently known bacterial repertoire from the human breast and milk microbiota using a semiautomated strategy. Total 242 articles from 38 countries, 11,124 women and 15,489 samples were included. Total 820 species were identified mainly composed of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. We report variations according to the analytical method (culture or molecular method), the anatomical site (breast, colostrum or milk) and the infectious status (healthy control, mastitis, breast abscess, neonatal infection). In addition, we compared it with the other human repertoires. Finally, we discuss its putative origin and role in health and disease.
母乳喂养是人类健康的主要决定因素。母乳并非无菌，而生态大规模测序方法揭示了一种出人意料的微生物多样性，其发挥着重要作用。然而，在了解哪些微生物与共生或失调、健康或疾病相关之前，对物种水平的微生物分析一直被忽视。我们使用半自动策略来回顾目前已知的来自人类乳房和乳汁微生物群的细菌组成。共纳入来自 38 个国家的 242 篇文章、11124 名女性和 15489 个样本。共鉴定出 820 个主要由变形菌门和厚壁菌门组成的物种。我们根据分析方法（培养或分子方法）、解剖部位（乳房、初乳或乳汁）和感染状况（健康对照、乳腺炎、乳房脓肿、新生儿感染）报告了变化。此外，我们将其与其他人类菌群进行了比较。最后，我们讨论了其在健康和疾病中的潜在起源和作用。
