苯扎氯铵：用途、监管状况和微生物耐药性。
Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance.
机构信息
Microbiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
出版信息
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019 Jun 17;85(13). doi: 10.1128/AEM.00377-19. Print 2019 Jul 1.
Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are chemicals with widespread applications due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review provides an overview of the market for BACs, as well as regulatory measures and available data on safety, toxicity, and environmental contamination. We focus on the effect of frequent exposure of microbial communities to BACs and the potential for cross-resistant phenotypes to emerge. Toward this goal, we review BAC concentrations in consumer products, their correlation with the emergence of tolerance in microbial populations, and the associated risk potential. Our analysis suggests that the ubiquitous and frequent use of BACs in commercial products can generate selective environments that favor microbial phenotypes potentially cross-resistant to a variety of compounds. An analysis of benefits versus risks should be the guidepost for regulatory actions regarding compounds such as BACs.
苯扎氯铵（BACs）是一种具有广泛应用的化学物质，因其对细菌、真菌和病毒具有广谱抗菌特性而备受关注。本综述概述了 BAC 的市场情况，以及有关安全性、毒性和环境污染的监管措施和可用数据。我们重点关注微生物群落频繁接触 BAC 以及可能出现交叉耐药表型的问题。为此，我们审查了消费品中的 BAC 浓度、它们与微生物种群中出现耐药性的相关性，以及相关的潜在风险。我们的分析表明，BAC 在商业产品中的普遍和频繁使用可能会产生有利于微生物表型的选择环境，这些表型可能对多种化合物具有交叉耐药性。对于 BAC 等化合物，应将效益与风险分析作为监管行动的指导方针。
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