Savković Željko, Džamić Ana, Veselinović Jovana, Grbić Milica Ljaljević, Stupar Miloš
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Faculty of Pharmacy Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Heroja Pinkija 4, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Naturwissenschaften. 2025 Apr 14;112(3):32. doi: 10.1007/s00114-025-01983-3.
The activity of six essential oils was investigated against eight fungal isolates (four Aspergillus and four Penicillium species) isolated from cultural heritage conservation premises in Serbia. To analyze the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was employed. The antifungal activity of selected EOs was investigated using microdilution and microatmosphere methods while the commercial biocide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was used as a control. Furthermore, molecular docking was used as an efficacious in silico method for the determination of interaction between dominant EO compounds and enzyme CYP51, essential for fungal ergosterol synthesis. It was demonstrated that BAC, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Gaultheria procumbens EOs had the strongest antifungal activity, which is in concordance with the results of molecular docking. Namely, the highest energy of enzyme-cofactor interaction was obtained for eugenol (the dominant component of Syzygium aromaticum and C. zeylanicum EOs). Moreover, it was found that the most resistant fungal isolates were A. flavus and A. niger, while A. sydowii and P. citrinum were the most susceptible. The results of our study point to the possibility of using studied environmentally friendly biocides of biological origin for the preservation of historical monuments and artifacts.
研究了六种精油对从塞尔维亚文化遗产保护场所分离出的八种真菌分离株（四种曲霉菌和四种青霉菌）的活性。为了分析精油（EOs）的化学成分，采用了气相色谱-质谱联用技术。使用微量稀释法和微环境法研究了所选精油的抗真菌活性，同时使用商业杀菌剂苯扎氯铵（BAC）作为对照。此外，分子对接被用作一种有效的计算机模拟方法，用于确定主要精油化合物与真菌麦角甾醇合成所必需的酶CYP51之间的相互作用。结果表明，BAC、锡兰肉桂和平卧白珠树精油具有最强的抗真菌活性，这与分子对接结果一致。即丁香酚（丁香和锡兰肉桂精油的主要成分）获得了最高的酶-辅因子相互作用能量。此外，还发现最具抗性的真菌分离株是黄曲霉和黑曲霉，而西氏曲霉和桔青霉最敏感。我们的研究结果表明，有可能使用研究中的具有生物来源的环保型杀菌剂来保护历史古迹和文物。
