School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
Eur J Med Chem. 2019 Jul 15;174:130-141. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.039. Epub 2019 Apr 20.
Ganoderma lucidum is a multi-purpose plant medicine that is homologous to functional food. The most attractive properties of G. lucidum are its immunomodulatory and antitumour activities, which are mainly attributed to the following two major active components: G. lucidum polysaccharides and G. lucidum triterpenoids (GLTs). GLTs are effective as supplemental therapies and improve health when combined with other medications to treat hepatitis, fatigue syndrome, and prostate cancer. However, research investigating the mechanism and application of G. lucidum or GLTs in the treatment of diseases remains preliminary in terms of both the utilization efficacy and product type. This review offers comprehensive insight into the pharmacological activities of GLTs and their potential applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Specifically, 83 GLTs were selected, and their molecular structures and chemical formulas were described. We also describe 7 ganoderic acids that are currently at different stages of clinical trials (ganoderic acids A, C2, D, F, DM, X and Y). The related pharmacodynamic mechanisms and targeted signalling proteins were further analysed. Notably, the specific relationship between autophagy and apoptosis induced by ganoderic acid DM is summarized here for the first time.
灵芝是一种多用途的植物药，与功能性食品同源。灵芝最吸引人的特性是其免疫调节和抗肿瘤活性，主要归因于以下两种主要的活性成分：灵芝多糖和灵芝三萜（GLTs）。GLTs 作为辅助疗法有效，与其他药物联合用于治疗肝炎、疲劳综合征和前列腺癌时可改善健康状况。然而，在利用效率和产品类型方面，灵芝或 GLTs 治疗疾病的机制和应用研究仍处于初步阶段。本综述全面深入地探讨了 GLTs 的药理活性及其在功能性食品和营养保健品开发中的潜在应用。具体来说，选择了 83 种 GLTs，并描述了它们的分子结构和化学式。还描述了目前处于不同临床试验阶段的 7 种灵芝酸（灵芝酸 A、C2、D、F、DM、X 和 Y）。进一步分析了相关药效学机制和靶向信号蛋白。值得注意的是，灵芝酸 DM 诱导自噬和细胞凋亡的具体关系首次在这里进行了总结。
