Van Acker Heleen H, Versteven Maarten, Lichtenegger Felix S, Roex Gils, Campillo-Davo Diana, Lion Eva, Subklewe Marion, Van Tendeloo Viggo F, Berneman Zwi N, Anguille Sébastien
Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
Department of Medicine III, LMU Munich, University Hospital, 80799 Munich, Germany.
J Clin Med. 2019 Apr 27;8(5):579. doi: 10.3390/jcm8050579.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled clonal proliferation of myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. The outcome of AML is poor, with five-year overall survival rates of less than 10% for the predominant group of patients older than 65 years. One of the main reasons for this poor outcome is that the majority of AML patients will relapse, even after they have attained complete remission by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, supplemented with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients at high risk of relapse, is still the cornerstone of current AML treatment. Both therapies are, however, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These observations illustrate the need for more effective and less toxic treatment options, especially in elderly AML and have fostered the development of novel immune-based strategies to treat AML. One of these strategies involves the use of a special type of immune cells, the dendritic cells (DCs). As central orchestrators of the immune system, DCs are key to the induction of anti-leukemia immunity. In this review, we provide an update of the clinical experience that has been obtained so far with this form of immunotherapy in patients with AML.
急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种血癌，其特征是骨髓中的髓系造血祖细胞不受控制地克隆增殖。AML的预后很差，65岁以上的主要患者群体的五年总生存率不到10%。这种不良预后的主要原因之一是，大多数AML患者即使在通过化疗达到完全缓解后仍会复发。化疗，再加上对复发高危患者进行异基因造血干细胞移植，仍然是当前AML治疗的基石。然而，这两种治疗方法都伴随着显著的发病率和死亡率。这些观察结果表明需要更有效且毒性更小的治疗选择，尤其是在老年AML患者中，并促进了治疗AML的新型免疫疗法的发展。其中一种策略涉及使用一种特殊类型的免疫细胞，即树突状细胞（DC）。作为免疫系统的核心协调者，DC是诱导抗白血病免疫的关键。在这篇综述中，我们提供了迄今为止这种免疫疗法在AML患者中的临床经验的最新情况。
