Mehlman Maxwell
School of Law, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
J R Army Med Corps. 2019 Aug;165(4):226-231. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2018-001130. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Biological interventions to improve performance, such as amphetamines, have a long history of military use, and in the future may include more advanced biotechnologies. This article discusses the ethics of using biomedical enhancements in the military. The article begins by describing the distinction between biomedical enhancements and interventions intended to prevent, treat or mitigate disease. It then sets forth three principles to guide the ethical use of bioenhancements-proportionality, paternalism and fairness. The article applies these principles to concerns raised by military bioenhancement: safety, fairness in access to military reward, carryover effects to civilian life, whether service members can be ordered to use bioenhancements and when they may be permitted to do so voluntarily.
旨在提高体能的生物干预手段，如安非他命，在军事领域的应用由来已久，未来可能还会包括更先进的生物技术。本文探讨了在军事领域使用生物医学增强手段的伦理问题。文章开篇阐述了生物医学增强手段与旨在预防、治疗或缓解疾病的干预措施之间的区别。接着提出了指导生物增强手段合理使用的三项原则：相称性、家长主义和公平性。本文将这些原则应用于军事生物增强引发的诸多问题：安全性、获得军事奖励的公平性、对平民生活的遗留影响、是否可以命令军人使用生物增强手段以及何时可允许他们自愿使用。
