State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Virol Sin. 2019 Apr;34(2):175-191. doi: 10.1007/s12250-019-00122-3. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
RNA granules are cytoplasmic, microscopically visible, non-membrane ribo-nucleoprotein structures and are important posttranscriptional regulators in gene expression by controlling RNA translation and stability. TIA/G3BP/PABP-specific stress granules (SG) and GW182/DCP-specific RNA processing bodies (PB) are two major distinguishable RNA granules in somatic cells and contain various ribosomal subunits, translation factors, scaffold proteins, RNA-binding proteins, RNA decay enzymes and helicases to exclude mRNAs from the cellular active translational pool. Although SG formation is inducible due to cellular stress, PB exist physiologically in every cell. Both RNA granules are important components of the host antiviral defense. Virus infection imposes stress on host cells and thus induces SG formation. However, both RNA and DNA viruses must confront the hostile environment of host innate immunity and apply various strategies to block the formation of SG and PB for their effective infection and multiplication. This review summarizes the current research development in the field and the mechanisms of how individual viruses suppress the formation of host SG and PB for virus production.
RNA 颗粒是细胞质中可见的非膜性核糖核蛋白结构，通过控制 RNA 翻译和稳定性，是基因表达的重要转录后调节剂。TIA/G3BP/PABP 特异性应激颗粒 (SG) 和 GW182/DCP 特异性 RNA 加工体 (PB) 是体细胞中两种主要可区分的 RNA 颗粒，包含各种核糖体亚基、翻译因子、支架蛋白、RNA 结合蛋白、RNA 降解酶和解旋酶，将 mRNA 从细胞活跃的翻译池排除。虽然 SG 的形成是由于细胞应激诱导的，但 PB 在每个细胞中都存在生理上。这两种 RNA 颗粒都是宿主抗病毒防御的重要组成部分。病毒感染会对宿主细胞造成压力，从而诱导 SG 的形成。然而，RNA 和 DNA 病毒都必须面对宿主先天免疫的恶劣环境，并采用各种策略来阻止 SG 和 PB 的形成，以实现有效的感染和复制。本综述总结了该领域的最新研究进展，以及个别病毒抑制宿主 SG 和 PB 形成以产生病毒的机制。
