Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
Okchundang Inc., 95, Soho-ro, Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44900, Republic of Korea.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jul 15;239:111915. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111915. Epub 2019 Apr 27.
Adenophora triphylla var. japonica is frequently used as an oriental medicinal plant in Korea, China, and Japan for its anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and hepatoprotective effects.
In the present study, the antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects of AR powder were investigated using animal models to evaluate their potential to treat respiratory disorders.
AR powder was administered orally to mice once daily for 11 days, at dose levels of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg. Theobromine (TB), ambroxol (AM) and dexamethasone (DEXA) were used as standard drugs for antitussive effects, expectorant effects and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. Evaluations of antitussive effects were based on changes in body weight, the number of cough responses and the histopathology of the lung and trachea. Expectorant effects were based on changes in the body weight, macroscopic observations of body surface redness, the mucous secretion of the trachea and histopathology of lung (secondary bronchus). Anti-inflammatory effects were based on changes in the body weight, macroscopic observations involving redness and edema of the treated ear, absolute and relative ear weights and histopathology of the treated ears.
Allergic acute inflammation and coughing induced by exposure to NHOH and symptoms of xylene-induced contact dermatitis were significantly inhibited by treatment with AR powder in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analyses revealed that AR powder decreased the OD values in trachea lavage fluid, reduced body surface redness, thicknesses of intrapulmonary secondary bronchus mucosa, and the number of PAS-positive mucous producing cells. Overall, AR powder administered at 200 mg/kg displayed superior antitussive and expectorant effects as compared to TB (50 mg/kg), and AM (250 mg/kg). At the highest concentration (400 mg/kg) AR powder displayed only moderately improved anti-inflammatory activities as compared to DEXA (1 mg/kg).
The results obtained in this study suggest that AR powder exerts dose-dependent, favorable antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory activities achieved through modulation of the activity of mast cells and respiratory mucous production. Therefore, AR powder may serve as a therapeutic agent in various respiratory disorders, especially those that occur as a result of environmental toxicants.
三叶菜是一种常见的东方药用植物，在韩国、中国和日本被用于治疗炎症、镇咳和保肝。
本研究采用动物模型，研究三叶菜粉的镇咳、祛痰和抗炎作用，评估其治疗呼吸疾病的潜力。
三叶菜粉以 400、200 和 100mg/kg 的剂量水平，每日口服给药 11 天，用于小鼠。茶碱（TB）、氨溴索（AM）和地塞米松（DEXA）分别作为镇咳作用、祛痰作用和抗炎作用的标准药物。镇咳作用的评价基于体重变化、咳嗽反应次数和肺及气管的组织病理学变化。祛痰作用基于体重变化、气管表面红色程度的肉眼观察、气管粘液分泌和肺（次级支气管）的组织病理学变化。抗炎作用基于体重变化、治疗耳的红肿和水肿的宏观观察、耳的绝对和相对重量以及治疗耳的组织病理学变化。
三叶菜粉可剂量依赖性地抑制 NHOH 引起的过敏急性炎症和咳嗽，以及二甲苯引起的接触性皮炎的症状。组织学分析表明，三叶菜粉降低了气管灌洗液的 OD 值，减少了肺内次级支气管粘膜的厚度和 PAS 阳性粘液产生细胞的数量。总体而言，200mg/kg 剂量的三叶菜粉与 TB（50mg/kg）和 AM（250mg/kg）相比，具有更好的镇咳和祛痰作用。在最高浓度（400mg/kg）时，三叶菜粉的抗炎活性仅略优于 DEXA（1mg/kg）。
本研究结果表明，三叶菜粉通过调节肥大细胞活性和呼吸粘液产生，表现出剂量依赖性的有利镇咳、祛痰和抗炎作用。因此，三叶菜粉可能成为各种呼吸疾病的治疗药物，特别是由环境毒物引起的疾病。
