基于权利的精神卫生法有多正确？
How right is right-based mental health law?
作者信息
Raveesh Bevinahalli Nanjegowda, Gowda Guru S, Gowda Mahesh
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
出版信息
Indian J Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;61(Suppl 4):S640-S644. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_115_19.
Human rights' frameworks are increasingly being recognized in general, and mental health in particular. Human rights can thus act as powerful catalysts for change in areas such as mental health care that has historically suffered from stigma, discrimination, and loss of dignity of patients. Mental health law in India has evolved over the past few decades, in keeping with improved delivery of care, societal changes, and increasing awareness of a person's human rights and privileges. The new Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 has shifted the focus to a rights-based approach to provide treatment, care, and protection of a person with mental illness compared to previous Mental Health Act 1987. This dynamic shift is to align, harmonize, and fulfill the requirements of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). This article reviews the existing international human rights model of disability and recovery, and the Mysore Declaration, and does a critical review of UNCRPD.
总体而言，人权框架越来越受到认可，心理健康领域尤甚。因此，人权能够有力地推动诸如精神卫生保健等领域的变革，而这些领域历来饱受污名化、歧视以及患者尊严丧失之苦。印度的精神卫生法在过去几十年间不断演变，以顺应医疗服务的改善、社会变革以及人们对人权和特权意识的日益增强。与1987年的《精神卫生法》相比，2017年新的《精神卫生保健法》将重点转向基于权利的方法，以提供对精神疾病患者的治疗、护理和保护。这种动态转变旨在使印度的精神卫生法与《联合国残疾人权利公约》（UNCRPD）的要求保持一致、协调并得以落实。本文回顾了现有的国际残疾与康复人权模式以及《迈索尔宣言》，并对《联合国残疾人权利公约》进行了批判性审视。
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