兽医学中对甲醛的接触致敏——职业健康领域一个未被探索的领域

Contact Sensitization to Formaldehyde in Veterinary Medicine - An Unexplored Field in Occupational Health.

作者信息

Lyapina Maya G, Manov Vasil K, Cekova Mariana P

机构信息

Medical College, Iordanka Filaretova, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Department of Internal Noninfectious Diseases, Pathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria.

出版信息

Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2019 Jan-Apr;23(1):37-41. doi: 10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_156_18.

DOI:10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_156_18

PMID:31040588

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6477945/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Veterinary staff and students could be exposed to formaldehyde - a ubiquitous agent, common cause of contact allergy.

AIM

To evaluate the incidence of contact sensitization to formaldehyde in exposures in veterinary medicine.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

A cross-sectional study was conducted during July-December 2017.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 206 individuals were included, patch tested with formaldehyde 1.0%/aq - 36 veterinary medicine students, 20 veterinarians, 47 students and 28 trainees of dental medicine, 41 dental professionals, and 35 non-occupationally exposed individuals.

RESULTS

The incidence of contact sensitization to formaldehyde among the whole studied population was 48.1%, highest being among the students of veterinary medicine (94.4%) and the veterinarians (85%). With very high significance, the sensitization incidence was higher in the groups of students of veterinary medicine and veterinarians, if compared to the control group ( < 0.001); ( = 0.004), dental professionals ( < 0.001); ( = 0.001), trainees of dental medicine ( < 0.001); ( = 0.005), and students of dental medicine three-fourth year of education ( < 0.001); ( = 0.001). Significantly, higher was the incidence of contact allergy in the control group if compared to those of dental professionals ( = 0.033) and dental students three-fourth year of education ( = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONS

The exposure to formaldehyde during the education in veterinary medicine and practice could be an important risk factor for the onset of contact sensitization. Stricter preventive measures are needed to reduce veterinary student's and lecturer's exposures. Equipment of dissection tables with local exhaust ventilation system could reduce the concentration of formaldehyde in the gross anatomy laboratory.

摘要

背景

兽医工作人员和学生可能会接触到甲醛——一种普遍存在的物质，是接触性过敏的常见原因。

目的

评估兽医医学接触中对甲醛接触致敏的发生率。

设置与设计

于2017年7月至12月进行了一项横断面研究。

材料与方法

共纳入206人，用1.0%/水的甲醛进行斑贴试验——36名兽医学学生、20名兽医、47名牙医学学生和28名牙医学实习生、41名牙科专业人员以及35名非职业暴露个体。

结果

在整个研究人群中，对甲醛接触致敏的发生率为48.1%，在兽医学学生中最高（94.4%），兽医中为（85%）。与对照组相比，兽医学学生组和兽医组的致敏发生率显著更高（<0.001）；（=0.004），牙科专业人员组（<0.001）；（=0.001），牙医学实习生组（<0.001）；（=0.005），以及接受三四年级教育的牙医学学生组（<0.001）；（=0.001）。值得注意的是，与牙科专业人员（=0.033）和接受三四年级教育的牙科学生（=0.028）相比，对照组的接触性过敏发生率显著更高。