Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2019 Aug;26(4):1266-1272. doi: 10.3758/s13423-019-01607-8.
A growing number of studies suggest that semantic knowledge can influence the control of gaze in scenes. For example, observers are more likely to look toward objects that are semantically related to the currently fixated object. Recent evidence also suggests that an object's functional orientation can bias gaze direction. However, it is unknown whether these semantic and functional relationships can interact to determine gaze control. To address this issue, the present study assessed whether the functional arrangement of multiple objects can influence gaze control. Participants fixated a central object (e.g., a key) flanked by two peripheral objects. After a brief delay, participants were free to shift their gaze toward the peripheral object of their choice. One of the peripheral objects was semantically related to the central object (e.g., a lock), and the objects were arranged to depict a functional or non-functional interaction (e.g., a key pointing toward or away from a lock). When the orientation of the central object was manipulated, participants were more likely to look in the direction this object was pointing. Moreover, the functional arrangement of objects modulated this central orienting bias. However, when the orientation of the peripheral objects was manipulated, only the peripheral objects' semantic relationships influenced gaze control. Together, these findings suggest that functional relationships play an important role in the allocation of gaze, and can interact with semantic relationships to determine gaze control.
越来越多的研究表明，语义知识可以影响场景中注视的控制。例如，观察者更有可能看向与当前注视物体语义相关的物体。最近的证据还表明，物体的功能方向可以偏向注视方向。然而，目前尚不清楚这些语义和功能关系是否可以相互作用来确定注视控制。为了解决这个问题，本研究评估了多个物体的功能排列是否可以影响注视控制。参与者注视中央物体（例如，钥匙），两侧是两个外围物体。短暂延迟后，参与者可以自由地将目光转向他们选择的外围物体。其中一个外围物体与中央物体在语义上相关（例如，锁），并且物体的排列描绘了一种功能或非功能的相互作用（例如，钥匙指向或远离锁）。当中央物体的方向被操纵时，参与者更有可能看向该物体指向的方向。此外，物体的功能排列调节了这种中央定向偏差。然而，当外围物体的方向被操纵时，只有外围物体的语义关系影响了注视控制。总的来说，这些发现表明，功能关系在注视的分配中起着重要作用，并且可以与语义关系相互作用来确定注视控制。
