Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2011 Oct;18(5):890-6. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0107-8.
Although the use of semantic information about the world seems ubiquitous in every task we perform, it is not clear whether we rely on a scene's semantic information to guide attention when searching for something in a specific scene context (e.g., keys in one's living room). To address this question, we compared contribution of a scene's semantic information (i.e., scene gist) versus learned spatial associations between objects and context. Using the flash-preview-moving-window paradigm Castelhano and Henderson (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 33:753-763, 2007), participants searched for target objects that were placed in either consistent or inconsistent locations and were semantically consistent or inconsistent with the scene gist. The results showed that learned spatial associations were used to guide search even in inconsistent contexts, providing evidence that scene context can affect search performance without consistent scene gist information. We discuss the results in terms of hierarchical organization of top-down influences of scene context.
虽然在我们执行的每项任务中，对世界语义信息的使用似乎无处不在，但目前尚不清楚我们在特定场景上下文（例如，某人客厅里的钥匙）中搜索某物时，是否依赖场景的语义信息来引导注意力。为了解决这个问题，我们比较了场景语义信息（即场景主旨）与物体和上下文之间习得的空间关联的贡献。使用闪视预视动窗范式（Castelhano 和 Henderson，《实验心理学杂志：人类知觉与表现》33:753-763, 2007），参与者搜索了放置在一致或不一致位置且与场景主旨一致或不一致的目标物体。结果表明，即使在不一致的情境中，习得的空间关联也被用来引导搜索，这提供了证据表明，场景上下文可以影响搜索表现，而无需一致的场景主旨信息。我们根据自上而下的场景上下文影响的分层组织讨论了结果。
