Matsuwaka Sean T, Latzka Erek W
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PM&R Residency, University of Washington.
Department of Spine, Sports, and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2019 Jun;27(2):48-55. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000231.
As adaptive sports grow in popularity, it is increasingly important to understand the injuries for which their athletes are at risk. This population is challenging to study given its small size and diversity of its participants; accordingly, research is mostly low quality because of limited sample sizes and study durations. Summer adaptive sports account for 22 of 28 Paralympic sports, with the most frequently studied being wheelchair basketball, rugby, tennis, athletics, swimming, and soccer. Injuries vary by sport because of differences in contact level, limbs utilized, and athlete impairments. Equipment changes and technological advances, especially within wheelchair and amputee sports, have increased the level of competition and reduced injury rates. Fortunately, the majority of injuries across adaptive sports are minor and do not result in significant time off from sport. Still, even minor injuries can negatively impact these athletes' mobility and activities of daily living compared to the nondisabled population.
随着适应性运动越来越受欢迎，了解其运动员面临风险的损伤情况变得越来越重要。鉴于这一人群规模较小且参与者具有多样性，对其进行研究具有挑战性；因此，由于样本量和研究时长有限，相关研究质量大多较低。夏季适应性运动占28项残奥会运动中的22项，研究最多的是轮椅篮球、橄榄球、网球、田径、游泳和足球。由于接触程度、使用的肢体以及运动员损伤情况的不同，损伤情况因运动项目而异。设备的改进和技术的进步，尤其是在轮椅和截肢者运动领域，提高了竞争水平并降低了受伤率。幸运的是，适应性运动中的大多数损伤都不严重，不会导致运动员长时间停赛。不过，与非残疾人群相比，即使是轻伤也会对这些运动员的行动能力和日常生活产生负面影响。
