Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Berlin, Germany.
PLoS One. 2019 May 2;14(5):e0215969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215969. eCollection 2019.
After years of hypothetical surveys and simulator studies, automated vehicles (AVs) are now being tested in realistic traffic environments adding validity to knowledge about their acceptance. We present data from a pilot test with participants (n = 125) after experiencing a ride in an electric AV on a large clinic area in Berlin, Germany. As a first contribution, we bridge the gap between missing definitions of key constructs, confusion about their operationalisations, and a rigorous test of their statistical properties and data structure by examining scales on acceptance, trust, perceived safety, intention to use, and-for the first time applied to AVs-the emotions amusement, fear, surprise, and boredom. Tests of reliability and normality were satisfying for almost all constructs (Cronbach's alphas ≥ .69; six of eight scales normally distributed). The vehicles were accepted (M = 1.22; SD = 0.70; range -2 to 2), trusted (M = 3.29; SD = 0.81; range 1 to 5), and perceived as safe (M = 3.29; SD = 1.03; range 1 to 5). However, factor analyses did not reflect the hypothesised data structure, and validity concerns question the suitability of some constructs for attitude assessment of electric AVs. Our open item for comments added valuable insights in qualitative aspects of user attitudes towards electric AVs regarding driving style, technical features, and (unsettling) audio-visual feedback. We thus argue for broader conceptualisations of key constructs based on interdisciplinary exchange and multi-methodical study designs.
经过多年的假设性调查和模拟器研究，自动驾驶汽车（AV）现在正在现实交通环境中进行测试，这为了解其接受程度增加了有效性。我们展示了在德国柏林一个大型诊所区域体验过电动 AV 后，对 125 名参与者进行的一项试点测试的数据。作为第一个贡献，我们通过检查接受度、信任度、感知安全性、使用意图以及——首次应用于 AV——娱乐、恐惧、惊喜和无聊等情绪的接受度、信任度、感知安全性、使用意图的量表，弥补了关键构建体缺乏定义、对其操作混淆以及对其统计性质和数据结构进行严格测试之间的差距。几乎所有结构的可靠性和正态性测试都令人满意（Cronbach 的 alpha 值≥.69；八项量表中有六项呈正态分布）。参与者对车辆的接受度（M=1.22；SD=0.70；范围-2 至 2）、信任度（M=3.29；SD=0.81；范围 1 至 5）和感知安全性（M=3.29；SD=1.03；范围 1 至 5）都很高。然而，因子分析并没有反映假设的数据结构，有效性问题质疑了一些结构对电动 AV 态度评估的适用性。我们的开放式意见项增加了关于用户对电动 AV 的驾驶风格、技术特点和（令人不安的）视听反馈的态度的定性方面的宝贵见解。因此，我们主张基于跨学科交流和多方法学研究设计，对关键构建体进行更广泛的概念化。
