Kaczerska Dorota, Siermontowski Piotr, Kozakiewicz Mariusz, Krefft Karolina, Olszański Romuald
University of Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Underwater Works Technology, Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland.
Undersea Hyperb Med. 2019;46(2):185-188.
An analysis of factors that may indicate both the type and degree of dehydration of a diver's body following a dry chamber hyperbaric exposure.
The study was participated by 63 men - professional divers, with extensive diving experience, aged 24-51 years (average age 32.6). The subjects underwent two hyperbaric exposures, one to a pressure of 0.3 MPa and one to a pressure of 0.6 MPa, with oxygen decompression. The exposures were carried out in a hyperbaric chamber pursuant to the decompression tables of the Polish Navy, with the observance of a 24-hour interval between exposures. Blood samples were collected from the participants in order to perform a blood morphology test. Body weight was measured with the bioelectrical impedance method using the Maltron BioScan 920 device.The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The following blood morphology parameters were analyzed: hematocrit (Ht), erythrocyte size (MCV), color index (MCHC) and body weight composition: total water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW).
The studies have shown that during a hyperbaric exposure in the chamber the diver's body becomes dehydrated, with observable loss of both intracellular water as evidenced by the reduction of hematocrit content and erythrocyte size, as well as extracellular water, with the accompanying increase in the color index.
Hyperbaric conditions are conducive to the dehydration of the diver's body, however to a degree which does not lead to an occurrence of health hazards. Good care for one's health through proper nutrition and hydration are sufficient preventive and protective measures.
分析潜水员在干式舱高压暴露后可能表明其身体脱水类型和程度的因素。
63名男性专业潜水员参与了该研究，他们有丰富的潜水经验，年龄在24 - 51岁之间（平均年龄32.6岁）。受试者接受了两次高压暴露，一次压力为0.3兆帕，一次压力为0.6兆帕，并进行氧气减压。暴露在高压舱中按照波兰海军的减压表进行，两次暴露之间间隔24小时。采集参与者的血样以进行血液形态学检测。使用Maltron BioScan 920设备通过生物电阻抗法测量体重。对结果进行统计分析。分析了以下血液形态学参数：血细胞比容（Ht）、红细胞大小（MCV）、颜色指数（MCHC）以及体重组成：总体水（TBW）、细胞外水（ECW）、细胞内水（ICW）。
研究表明，在舱内高压暴露期间，潜水员身体会脱水，血细胞比容含量和红细胞大小降低表明细胞内水明显流失，同时颜色指数升高表明细胞外水也流失。
高压环境有利于潜水员身体脱水，但其程度不会导致健康危害。通过适当营养和补水来精心呵护健康是足够的预防和保护措施。
