Thomas Neil W D, Sinclair John
Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Division of Neurosurgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2015 Sep;46(3):331-342. doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
Image-guided neuronavigation systems provide the ability to accurately visualize surgical targets during operative procedures. Previously, neurosurgeons were limited to viewing intracranial lesions on preoperative radiologic images and using anatomic landmarks to orient themselves during surgery. Neuronavigation systems allow neurosurgeons to directly relate preoperative imaging of local craniospacial anatomy to identified operative anatomy to improve surgical accuracy. In addition, these systems are used in preoperative planning to evaluate surgical risks, select the best interventional method, and decide on the optimal trajectory for a surgical procedure. Recent improvements in medical imaging over the past few decades have led to great advancements in neurosurgery. Surgeons are now able to visualize the location of a brain lesion more accurately, and new imaging modalities allow for the identification of many lesions that had been poorly defined by older imaging methods. The combination of neuronavigation with newer imaging modalities permits surgeons to perform a more complete removal of brain and spinal cord pathologies and helps to avoid damage to important local anatomic structures, resulting in decreased patient morbidity and mortality. This review outlines the history of neuronavigation and discusses new imaging modalities that are being incorporated into current navigation systems used in operating rooms today.
图像引导神经导航系统能够在手术过程中精确可视化手术靶点。以前，神经外科医生只能在术前放射影像上查看颅内病变，并在手术过程中利用解剖标志来确定自身方位。神经导航系统使神经外科医生能够将局部颅腔空间解剖结构的术前影像与已确定的手术解剖结构直接关联起来，以提高手术准确性。此外，这些系统还用于术前规划，以评估手术风险、选择最佳介入方法并确定手术的最佳路径。在过去几十年中，医学成像技术的最新进展推动了神经外科的巨大进步。如今，外科医生能够更准确地可视化脑病变的位置，新的成像方式能够识别许多用旧成像方法难以明确的病变。神经导航与更新的成像方式相结合，使外科医生能够更彻底地切除脑和脊髓病变，并有助于避免损伤重要的局部解剖结构，从而降低患者的发病率和死亡率。本综述概述了神经导航的历史，并讨论了目前正在被纳入当今手术室使用的现有导航系统中的新成像方式。
