Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Arthroscopy. 2019 Aug;35(8):2385-2390. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.01.031. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
To determine the face and construct validity as well as educational value and user-friendliness of the Simendo knee arthroscopy virtual reality simulator.
Sixty participants were recruited and equally divided into novices (0 arthroscopic procedures), intermediates (1-59 arthroscopic procedures), and experts (60 or more arthroscopic procedures). Participants were excluded if they had previously trained with the studied simulator. Construct validity, that is, the ability to discriminate between different levels of expertise, was examined by a navigation task. All participants were asked to perform 5 navigation trials within 10 minutes. Face validity, educational value, and user-friendliness were examined by questionnaires before and after the navigation trials. Face validity is the subjective impression of how closely the simulation replicates the real environment.
The novices were significantly slower than the intermediates in the first (P < .001) and the third (P = .031) trial. The novices were significantly slower than the experts in all trials (P = .016), except for the fifth (P = .054). The experts were significantly faster than the intermediates in every trial except for the fourth (P = .069). Median task time for the fifth trial was 63 seconds (44-80 seconds) for novices, 58 seconds (46-80 seconds) for intermediates, and 41 seconds (33-55 seconds) for experts. Ninety-two percent of all participants agreed that the simulator can be used to train for surgical inspection, and 95% indicated sufficient user-friendliness.
Based on the results, this knee simulator can be applied to train the basic arthroscopic hand-eye coordination skills at the start of resident education programs. Further testing is necessary to determine whether the skills are retained.
The simulator is partly validated, which contributes to training of basic arthroscopic skills without compromising patient safety.
确定 Simendo 膝关节镜虚拟现实模拟器的表面效度、结构效度、教育价值和用户友好性。
招募了 60 名参与者，并将其平均分为新手组（0 例关节镜手术）、中级组（1-59 例关节镜手术）和专家组（60 例或更多关节镜手术）。如果参与者之前曾使用过所研究的模拟器进行过训练，则将其排除在外。通过导航任务来检查结构效度，即区分不同专业水平的能力。要求所有参与者在 10 分钟内完成 5 次导航试验。在导航试验前后通过问卷调查来检查表面效度、教育价值和用户友好性。表面效度是对模拟复制真实环境的程度的主观印象。
新手组在第一（P<0.001）和第三（P=0.031）次试验中明显比中级组慢。新手组在所有试验中均明显比专家组慢（P=0.016），但在第五次试验中除外（P=0.054）。除第四次试验外（P=0.069），专家组在所有试验中均明显快于中级组。新手组第五次试验的中位任务时间为 63 秒（44-80 秒），中级组为 58 秒（46-80 秒），专家组为 41 秒（33-55 秒）。所有参与者中有 92%的人同意模拟器可用于手术检查的培训，95%的人表示足够友好。
基于这些结果，这种膝关节模拟器可用于在住院医师教育计划开始时培训基本的关节镜手眼协调技能。进一步的测试是必要的，以确定这些技能是否得到保留。
该模拟器已得到部分验证，这有助于在不影响患者安全的情况下培训基本的关节镜技能。
