Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University, H10-Zone 3-B113, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
Environ Geochem Health. 2019 Dec;41(6):2533-2548. doi: 10.1007/s10653-019-00304-8. Epub 2019 May 3.
Elemental composition of airborne dust samples retained by internal filters of air condition units (ACUs) was determined at 12 locations of Doha city, state of Qatar. Twenty-four elements: Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K, Ti, Zn, P, Sr, Mn, Ba, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Mo, Li, Co, Sb, As, Cd, Be, were analysed by ICP-OES technique after acid digestion of the samples. The analysed components reflect 20.6% of the total sample mass. Similar or lower concentration values have been found for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Al, and Fe compared to the international context of upper crust concentrations, NIST SRM (urban dust), published local dust information of outdoor, and surface terrestrial deposit (STD) counted for 7.2, 0.7, 91.8, 192.8, 369.7, 68.6, 65.3, 52.1, 824.3, 19,791, 20,508 mg/kg, respectively. The coefficient of correlation (p ≤ 0.05) showed significant association of ACUs dust elemental compositions with the main components of the local earth crust and surface deposits, ranging from the lowest 0.77 (Mg-Fe) to the highest 0.98 (Al-Fe), while Ni and V, typical anthropogenic pollutants, are also strongly correlated (0.86). These strong correlation relationships can be interpreted as the contribution of outdoor particulate to the indoor dust. Dendrogram of metal/Al ratios, based on Euclidean distance calculation and average linkage clustering method, distinguished three typical groups. Studying the enrichment factors of the three groups indicated elevated levels of Zn (131), Pb (49), Cu (32), Cd (8) and Ni (5) found indoors compared to the background composition of STD especially at locations in the industrial zone. The major elemental composition of the samples reflects the typical mineral composition of the local dust, while the trace composition demonstrates the influence of indoor sources. The collected ACU filter dust samples show significant contribution of outdoor mineral particles, non-exhaust traffic emission, industrial sources, as well as the influence of indoor activity such as smoking.
在卡塔尔多哈市的 12 个地点，通过内部空调机组（ACU）的空气过滤器收集了空气中的尘埃样本，并对其元素组成进行了测定。使用 ICP-OES 技术对样品进行酸消解后，分析了 24 种元素：Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na、K、Ti、Zn、P、Sr、Mn、Ba、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、V、Mo、Li、Co、Sb、As、Cd、Be。分析得到的成分占总样品质量的 20.6%。与国际上的上地壳浓度相比，As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、V、Zn、Al 和 Fe 的浓度相似或更低，NIST SRM（城市尘埃）、当地公布的户外尘埃信息和表面陆地沉积物（STD）分别为 7.2、0.7、91.8、192.8、369.7、68.6、65.3、52.1、824.3、19、791、20、508mg/kg。相关性系数（p≤0.05）表明，ACU 尘埃元素组成与当地地壳和表面沉积物的主要成分之间存在显著关联，从最低的 0.77（Mg-Fe）到最高的 0.98（Al-Fe）。同时，Ni 和 V 等典型的人为污染物也具有很强的相关性（0.86）。这些强相关性可以解释为室外颗粒物对室内灰尘的贡献。基于欧几里得距离计算和平均连接聚类方法的金属/Al 比值树状图将三个典型组区分开来。研究三组的富集因子表明，室内 Zn（131）、Pb（49）、Cu（32）、Cd（8）和 Ni（5）的含量高于 STD 的背景组成，尤其是在工业区的位置。样本的主要元素组成反映了当地尘埃的典型矿物组成，而痕量元素组成则显示了室内源的影响。收集的 ACU 过滤器尘埃样本显示，室外矿物颗粒、未充分燃烧的交通排放、工业源以及吸烟等室内活动的影响对尘埃的贡献显著。
