State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Aug 10;677:98-107. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.346. Epub 2019 Apr 24.
Pesticide loss during agricultural development has a serious effect on related water quality, and the critical concern is quantifying the potential exposure risks that pesticide loss pose to water quality at the national scale. In this study, an integrated assessment framework is proposed to scale emission factors from 232 monitoring plots to the national scale, while also considering the physicochemical properties of pesticides in dissolved or adsorbed forms. Based on the results of this study, the total pesticide emissions increased by 29.39% from 146.55 tons in 2004 to 189.62 tons in 2013 and the average loss intensities of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides were 35.25 g/km, 44.24 g/km and 48.57 g/km, respectively. Central and Southeastern China are identified as hotspots for pesticide loss, while the proportions of high or extremely high-risk areas mainly comprise >50% of farmland. In addition, single-field crops and single-crop rice are the major cropping patterns for pesticide loss in Northern and Southern China. Our results identify key areas for the management of pesticides at the national scale and have direct implications for environmental policies on reducing the potential exposure risk of agricultural pesticides to water quality.
农业发展过程中农药的损失会对相关水质产生严重影响，而当务之急是量化农药损失给水质带来的潜在暴露风险。在本研究中，提出了一个综合评估框架，将排放因子从 232 个监测点扩展到全国范围，同时还考虑了溶解或吸附态农药的物理化学性质。基于本研究的结果，2004 年至 2013 年期间，农药总排放量增加了 29.39%，从 146.55 吨增加到 189.62 吨；杀虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂的平均损失强度分别为 35.25 g/km、44.24 g/km 和 48.57 g/km。中国中部和东南部被确定为农药损失的热点地区，而高风险或极高风险地区的比例主要包括>50%的农田。此外，北方和南方的主要种植模式是单季作物和单季水稻。我们的研究结果确定了全国范围内农药管理的重点区域，对减少农业农药对水质潜在暴露风险的环境政策具有直接影响。
