Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
Acta Histochem. 2019 Jul;121(5):546-552. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.003. Epub 2019 May 1.
Gliosis including microgliosis and astrogliosis is a response to central nervous system inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether olfactory bulbs are influenced by intranasal exposure to the detergent Triton X-100, a non-ionic surfactant. In this experiment, we measured olfactory function in mice based on the time needed to identify hidden pellets. Our results found that more time was needed to find the buried pellets by mice exposed to Triton X-100 compared with mice without Triton X-100 exposure, up to day 7. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory cells in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulbs in mice treated with Triton X-100. Western blot analysis revealed significant downregulation of olfactory marker proteins in the olfactory mucosa and bulbs of mice after intranasal exposure to Triton X-100. In the olfactory bulbs of mice exposed to Triton X-100, microgliosis and astrogliosis were evident using immunohistochemistry. Cathepsin D was also upregulated in Iba-1-positive microglia/macrophages and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the olfactory bulbs of mice exposed to Triton X-100. In mice, Triton X-100 induced olfactory sensory neuron death in the nasal cavity and gliosis in olfactory bulbs with concurrent downregulation of olfactory marker protein expression, resulting in transient olfactory dysfunction.
神经胶质增生包括小胶质细胞增生和星形胶质细胞增生，是中枢神经系统炎症的反应。本研究旨在评估鼻腔内接触去污剂 Triton X-100（一种非离子表面活性剂）是否会影响嗅球。在该实验中，我们基于识别隐藏颗粒所需的时间来测量小鼠的嗅觉功能。结果发现，与未接触 Triton X-100 的小鼠相比，接触 Triton X-100 的小鼠需要更长的时间才能找到埋藏的颗粒，最长可达第 7 天。组织病理学检查显示，在接受 Triton X-100 处理的小鼠嗅黏膜和嗅球中存在炎症细胞。Western blot 分析显示，经鼻腔接触 Triton X-100 后，嗅黏膜和嗅球中的嗅觉标记蛋白显著下调。免疫组织化学显示，接触 Triton X-100 的小鼠嗅球中存在小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞增生。在接触 Triton X-100 的小鼠嗅球中，Iba-1 阳性小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞和 GFAP 阳性星形胶质细胞中的组织蛋白酶 D 也上调。在小鼠中，Triton X-100 诱导鼻腔内嗅感觉神经元死亡和嗅球内神经胶质增生，同时嗅觉标记蛋白表达下调，导致短暂的嗅觉功能障碍。
