Blyuss Konstantin B, Fatehi Farzad, Tsygankova Victoria A, Biliavska Liudmyla O, Iutynska Galyna O, Yemets Alla I, Blume Yaroslav B
Department of Mathematics, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Apr 17;10:483. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00483. eCollection 2019.
With the growing global demands on sustainable food production, one of the biggest challenges to agriculture is associated with crop losses due to parasitic nematodes. While chemical pesticides have been quite successful in crop protection and mitigation of damage from parasites, their potential harm to humans and environment, as well as the emergence of nematode resistance, have necessitated the development of viable alternatives to chemical pesticides. One of the most promising and targeted approaches to biocontrol of parasitic nematodes in crops is that of RNA interference (RNAi). In this study we explore the possibility of using biostimulants obtained from metabolites of soil streptomycetes to protect wheat ( L.) against the cereal cyst nematode by means of inducing RNAi in wheat plants. Theoretical models of uptake of organic compounds by plants, and within-plant RNAi dynamics, have provided us with useful insights regarding the choice of routes for delivery of RNAi-inducing into plants. We then conducted experiments with several streptomycete-derived biostimulants, which have demonstrated the efficiency of these biostimulants at improving plant growth and development, as well as in providing resistance against the cereal cyst nematode. Using dot blot hybridization we demonstrate that biostimulants trigger a significant increase of the production in plant cells of si/miRNA complementary with plant and nematode mRNA. Wheat germ cell-free experiments show that these si/miRNAs are indeed very effective at silencing the translation of nematode mRNA having complementary sequences, thus reducing the level of nematode infestation and improving plant resistance to nematodes. Thus, we conclude that natural biostimulants produced from metabolites of soil streptomycetes provide an effective tool for biocontrol of wheat nematode.
随着全球对可持续粮食生产的需求不断增加，农业面临的最大挑战之一是由寄生线虫导致的作物损失。虽然化学农药在作物保护和减轻寄生虫损害方面相当成功，但其对人类和环境的潜在危害以及线虫抗性的出现，使得开发化学农药的可行替代品成为必要。作物寄生线虫生物防治最有前景且具针对性的方法之一是RNA干扰（RNAi）。在本研究中，我们探索了利用从土壤链霉菌代谢产物中获得的生物刺激剂，通过在小麦植株中诱导RNAi来保护小麦（L.）免受禾谷孢囊线虫侵害的可能性。植物对有机化合物的吸收以及植物体内RNAi动态的理论模型，为我们选择将诱导RNAi的物质导入植物的途径提供了有用的见解。然后，我们用几种链霉菌衍生的生物刺激剂进行了实验，这些实验证明了这些生物刺激剂在促进植物生长发育以及提供对禾谷孢囊线虫抗性方面的有效性。通过斑点杂交，我们证明生物刺激剂能显著增加与植物和线虫mRNA互补的si/miRNA在植物细胞中的产量。小麦无细胞实验表明，这些si/miRNA确实能非常有效地沉默具有互补序列的线虫mRNA的翻译，从而降低线虫侵染水平并提高植物对线虫的抗性。因此，我们得出结论，由土壤链霉菌代谢产物产生的天然生物刺激剂为小麦线虫的生物防治提供了一种有效工具。
