Nicol J M, Elekçioğlu I H, Bolat N, Rivoal R
CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), ICARDA-CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program, Turkey Office, Turkey.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2007;72(3):677-86.
The Cereal Cyst Nematodes (CCNs) are a group of several closely related species which have been documented to cause economic yield loss on rainfed wheat production systems in several part of the world including North Africa, West Asia, China, India, Australia, America and several countries in Europe. The most commonly reported species is Heterodera avenae, however there are at least two other species H. filipjevi and H. latipons are implicated. It is well appreciated that plants under water and nutrient stress suffer greater yield loss. Control of CCNs requires maintaining nematode populations below economic thresholds. Chemicals are not environmentally sustainable or economic and the major emphasis on control has been with host genetic resistance applied with other integrated pest managent options. Unfortunately due to the number of species and pathotype variation genetic control of Cereal Cyst Nematode with plant resistance is complex. Turkey is one of the top ten wheat producers in the world and has identified these nematode as a major biotic constraint in their rainfed wheat systems. In 2001 a new joint intiative was established between CIMMYT International, the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and (Ukurova University in Adana to understand i) the distribution of cereal nematodes on wheat; ii) assess the economic importance and improve our understanding of the population dynamics iii) culture, screen and assess known sources of resistance and identify new sources to both groups of nematodes; iv) integrate new sources of resistance into bread wheat cultivars for Turkey and International germplasm using conventional and molecular tools; v) investigate other integrated control options such as rotation and different wheat management strategies and finally vi) capacity build scientists to work in this important area. Some highlights of this work will be presented and the newly formed ICCNI - International Cereal Cyst Nematode Initative introduced.
谷物孢囊线虫（CCNs）是一组密切相关的物种，据记载，它们在世界上的几个地区，包括北非、西亚、中国、印度、澳大利亚、美洲以及欧洲的几个国家，给雨养小麦生产系统造成了经济产量损失。最常报道的物种是燕麦孢囊线虫，不过至少还有另外两个物种，即菲利普孢囊线虫和宽孢囊线虫也与之有关。人们清楚地认识到，处于水分和养分胁迫下的植物产量损失更大。控制谷物孢囊线虫需要将线虫种群数量维持在经济阈值以下。化学药剂不具有环境可持续性，也不经济，因此控制的主要重点一直是利用寄主遗传抗性以及其他综合害虫管理措施。不幸的是，由于物种数量和致病型变异，利用植物抗性对谷物孢囊线虫进行遗传控制很复杂。土耳其是世界十大小麦生产国之一，已将这些线虫确定为其雨养小麦系统中的主要生物限制因素。2001年，国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）、土耳其农业部和阿达纳的于库罗瓦大学之间建立了一项新的联合倡议，以了解：i）小麦上谷物线虫的分布情况；ii）评估其经济重要性并增进我们对种群动态的了解；iii）培养、筛选和评估已知的抗性来源，并为这两类线虫鉴定新的抗性来源；iv）利用传统和分子工具将新的抗性来源整合到土耳其的面包小麦品种和国际种质中；v）研究其他综合控制措施，如轮作和不同的小麦管理策略；最后，vi）培养科学家在这一重要领域开展工作。将介绍这项工作的一些亮点，并介绍新成立的国际谷物孢囊线虫倡议组织（ICCNI）。
