Makaju Sarbada, Chaudhary Sonam, Iyer Karnaklata
Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
Department of Physiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2018 Nov-Dec;56(214):936-939. doi: 10.31729/jnma.3912.
The external ear is made up of the elastic cartilage. It is considered constant from the birth till death. Therefore, it's morphological variation plays important role in forensic medicine. The objective of this study was to identify this morphological variation among different nationality and the gender.
The study was conducted among 50 Nepali students and 50 Indian students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences. The simple random sampling was done. The morphological variation of external ear including different nature of shape of tragus, anti-tragus, lobe and margin of helix were studied on different gender and nationalities.
The highest distribution in shape of tragus was round in Nepali 42 (84%) and Indian 37 (74%). Most of Nepali students had flat 26 (52%) shape of anti-tragus and medium for Indian 25 (50%). The maximum ear attached lobe were found in both Nepali and Indian 27 (54%) respectively. Most of the Indian students had elongated shape of helix 24 (48%) whereas in Nepalese round shape of helix 31 (62%). The male participants had maximum round shape of tragus 42 (76.3%), flat shape of anti-tragus 28 (50.9%), free ear lobe 28 (50.9%) and shape of the margin of helix were round 29 (52.7%). The female participants had maximum round shape of tragus 37 (82.2%), medium shape of anti-tragus 22 (48.8%), attached ear lobe 27 (60%), and round shape of margin of helix 25 (55.56%).
The morphology of the external ear varies with each individual. However, it shows it couldn't differentiate their nationalities and gender.
外耳由弹性软骨组成。从出生到死亡，其形态被认为是恒定的。因此，其形态变异在法医学中具有重要作用。本研究的目的是确定不同国籍和性别的人群中外耳的形态变异。
该研究在马尼帕尔医学科学学院的50名尼泊尔学生和50名印度学生中进行。采用简单随机抽样。研究了不同性别和国籍的外耳形态变异，包括耳屏、对耳屏、耳垂和耳轮边缘的不同形状特征。
尼泊尔学生中耳屏形状圆形的分布最高，有42人（84%），印度学生中有37人（74%）。大多数尼泊尔学生对耳屏形状为扁平状，有26人（52%），而印度学生中对耳屏形状为中等的有25人（50%）。尼泊尔和印度学生中附着耳垂的比例最高，均为27人（54%）。大多数印度学生耳轮形状为细长形，有24人（48%），而尼泊尔学生中圆形耳轮的有31人（62%）。男性参与者中耳屏圆形的比例最高，有42人（76.3%），对耳屏扁平状的有28人（50.9%），游离耳垂的有28人（50.9%），耳轮边缘形状为圆形的有29人（52.7%）。女性参与者中耳屏圆形的比例最高，有37人（82.2%），对耳屏中等形状的有22人（48.8%），附着耳垂的有27人（60%），耳轮边缘形状为圆形的有25人（55.56%）。
外耳的形态因人而异。然而，研究表明其形态无法区分国籍和性别。
