Bak Aurélie, Patton MacKenzie F, Perilla-Henao Laura M, Aegerter Brenna J, Casteel Clare L
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
University of California, Cooperative Extension, Stockton, CA, 95206, USA.
Oecologia. 2019 May;190(1):139-148. doi: 10.1007/s00442-019-04405-0. Epub 2019 May 8.
Plant pathogens can influence host characteristics such as volatile emissions, nutrient composition or plant color, modulating vector and non-vector insect dynamics in the ecosystem. While previous research has focused on insect attraction and dispersal to infected plants, little is known about mechanisms mediating these interactions. Here, we investigate the role of ethylene in green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) attraction to potyvirus-infected plants. In our experiments, we utilized two different potyviruses, Potato virus Y (PVY) and Turnip mosaic virus, in lab and field experiments. Consistent with previous studies, we show that greater numbers of aphids settle on potyvirus-infected plants in the lab and greater numbers of aphids are found in PVY-infected potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields compared to controls. In laboratory experiments, inhibition of ethylene signaling in plants either chemically or genetically prevented aphids from preferentially settling on potyvirus-infected plants. Virus spread was reduced in lab arenas by over 80% when ethylene signaling was inhibited chemically. Despite this, ethylene inhibition had no significant impact on virus spread in field mesocosms. Our results indicate that induction of ethylene signaling by potyviruses mediates aphid attraction to infected plants and virus spread; however, additional factors may contribute to plant-vector dynamics in complex communities. Specific components of ethylene signaling may be important targets for future management of vector-borne viruses and research on mechanisms mediating plant-vector-virus interactions.
植物病原体可影响宿主特征，如挥发性物质释放、营养成分或植物颜色，从而调节生态系统中传病媒介和非传病媒介昆虫的动态。虽然先前的研究主要关注昆虫对受感染植物的吸引和扩散，但对于介导这些相互作用的机制却知之甚少。在此，我们研究乙烯在桃蚜（Myzus persicae）对感染马铃薯Y病毒属病毒的植物的吸引作用中所起的作用。在我们的实验中，我们在实验室和田间实验中使用了两种不同的马铃薯Y病毒属病毒，即马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）和芜菁花叶病毒。与先前的研究一致，我们发现，在实验室中，更多的蚜虫会聚集在感染马铃薯Y病毒属病毒的植物上；在田间，与对照相比，感染PVY的马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）田中发现的蚜虫数量更多。在实验室实验中，无论是通过化学方法还是基因方法抑制植物中的乙烯信号传导，都能阻止蚜虫优先聚集在感染马铃薯Y病毒属病毒的植物上。当通过化学方法抑制乙烯信号传导时，实验室环境中的病毒传播减少了80%以上。尽管如此，乙烯抑制对田间中型生态系统中的病毒传播没有显著影响。我们的结果表明，马铃薯Y病毒属病毒诱导的乙烯信号传导介导了蚜虫对受感染植物的吸引以及病毒传播；然而，在复杂群落中，其他因素可能也会影响植物与传病媒介之间的动态关系。乙烯信号传导的特定成分可能是未来管理媒介传播病毒以及研究介导植物 - 传病媒介 - 病毒相互作用机制的重要靶点。
