Strömland K
Surv Ophthalmol. 1987 Jan-Feb;31(4):277-84. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(87)90028-2.
Maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy causes malformations of the eyes with serious consequences to the vision of the affected children. A high percentage (up to 90%) of children suffering from the fetal alcohol syndrome have eye abnormalities, including malformation in the outer eye region, disorders of motility, and defects of different intraocular structures. Two kinds of malformations stand out as most typical--hypoplasia of the optic nervehead (up to 48%) and increased tortuosity of the retinal vessels, especially of the arteries (up to 49%). Visual acuity is often moderately or severely reduced. Considering the developmental timing of different tissues of the eye, one can presume that there is a risk for deleterious effects of alcohol on eye structures at any point of time from early gestation until development is completed.
孕期母亲酗酒会导致眼睛畸形，给受影响儿童的视力带来严重后果。高达90%的胎儿酒精综合征患儿存在眼部异常，包括眼外部区域畸形、眼球运动障碍以及不同眼内结构缺陷。其中有两种畸形最为典型——视神经乳头发育不全（发生率高达48%）和视网膜血管尤其是动脉迂曲度增加（发生率高达49%）。视力常常会出现中度或重度下降。考虑到眼睛不同组织的发育时间，可以推测从妊娠早期到发育完成的任何时间点，酒精都有可能对眼部结构产生有害影响。
