Karimi Saeed, Arabi Amir, Shahraki Toktam
Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2021 Apr 29;16(2):260-270. doi: 10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9089. eCollection 2021 Apr-Jun.
In this article, we present a review of ocular conditions related to alcohol consumption. A search of the literature published from 1952 to March 2020 was performed. The titles and abstracts were screened and the eligible studies were selected. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge database, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. We categorized the relationship between alcohol intake and ocular conditions by the type of ocular exposure to alcohol. Accordingly, ocular findings following acute alcohol intoxication, optic neuropathy following methanol toxicity, congenital conditions related to maternal alcohol consumption, and ocular disease related to chronic alcoholism are discussed. The main feature of alcohol intoxication in the eye is abnormal eye movement. Acute optic neuropathy secondary to methyl alcohol consumption is a serious ocular disease with permanent vision loss or scotoma. Prenatal exposure to ethanol may end in fetal alcohol spectrum disease, where ocular findings are a constant component. The association between chronic alcohol consumption and increased risks of cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, different types of optic neuropathy, impairment of visual quality, retinal vascular disease, and ocular surface disease has also been reported. Along with detrimental medical and social effects, the role of alcohol consumption in different ocular conditions should be considered, as alcohol-induced visual disturbances may contribute to the heavy burden of alcohol abuse on the healthcare system and overall quality of life.
在本文中，我们对与饮酒相关的眼部疾病进行了综述。我们检索了1952年至2020年3月发表的文献。对文献标题和摘要进行筛选，并选取符合条件的研究。检索了PubMed、ISI Web of Knowledge数据库、Scopus、Embase和Cochrane图书馆。我们根据眼部接触酒精的类型对酒精摄入与眼部疾病之间的关系进行了分类。据此，讨论了急性酒精中毒后的眼部表现、甲醇中毒后的视神经病变、与母亲饮酒相关的先天性疾病以及与慢性酒精中毒相关的眼部疾病。眼部酒精中毒的主要特征是眼球运动异常。甲醇摄入继发的急性视神经病变是一种严重的眼部疾病，可导致永久性视力丧失或暗点。产前接触乙醇可能导致胎儿酒精谱系障碍，眼部表现是其恒定组成部分。也有报道称，慢性饮酒与白内障、年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、不同类型的视神经病变、视觉质量受损、视网膜血管疾病和眼表疾病风险增加之间存在关联。除了有害的医学和社会影响外，还应考虑饮酒在不同眼部疾病中的作用，因为酒精引起的视觉障碍可能会加重酒精滥用对医疗系统和整体生活质量造成的沉重负担。
