Pereira Natalie, Gonçalves Ana Paula Bresolin, Goulart Mariana, Tarrasconi Marina Amarante, Kochhann Renata, Fonseca Rochele Paz
Doctoral student, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Psychology undergraduate student, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2019 Jan-Mar;13(1):53-71. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010006.
Conversational discourse (CD) is among the most complex tasks in everyday life and relies on multiple cognitive domains (communicative and executive abilities). Alterations in discourse comprehension and production are often present in pathological aging. However, there is still a need to identify changes in healthy aging.
This study aimed to compare young and older adults for the frequency of impaired communicative behaviors on a CD task. Performance was scored according to the Complementary Procedure of Conversational Discourse Analysis (CPCDA), developed based on the CD task from the Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery.
A total of 95 participants (54 young-adults and 41 older adults) were evaluated. The frequency of communicative behaviors was compared between groups using MANCOVA and Chi-square tests.
Young adults showed fewer impairments in expression, pragmatics, cohesion, coherence, comprehension and emotional prosody. Older adults showed higher levels of verbal initiative and had fewer word finding difficulties. Communicative behaviors associated with planning and self-monitoring (e.g. repetition of information and syllabic false starts) appear to be common in the speech of healthy individuals in general.
Studies which evaluate both discursive and cognitive skills are required to identify age-related changes. This would allow for the development of screening tools for CD assessment and preventive programs.
对话语篇（CD）是日常生活中最复杂的任务之一，依赖于多个认知领域（沟通和执行能力）。语篇理解和生成的改变在病理性衰老中经常出现。然而，仍有必要确定健康衰老中的变化。
本研究旨在比较年轻人和老年人在CD任务中沟通行为受损的频率。根据基于蒙特利尔沟通评估量表中的CD任务开发的对话语篇分析补充程序（CPCDA）对表现进行评分。
共评估了95名参与者（54名年轻人和41名老年人）。使用多变量协方差分析和卡方检验比较两组之间沟通行为的频率。
年轻人在表达、语用、衔接、连贯、理解和情感韵律方面的损伤较少。老年人表现出较高的言语主动性，且找词困难较少。与计划和自我监控相关的沟通行为（如信息重复和音节性起始错误）在一般健康个体的言语中似乎很常见。
需要评估话语和认知技能的研究来确定与年龄相关的变化。这将有助于开发CD评估的筛查工具和预防方案。
