Shilkofski Nicole, Agueh Modupe, Fonseka Malini, Tan Amirah, Cembrano Joselito Rosauro
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2017 Mar;6(1):19-27. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1584910. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
Disasters are defined as man-made or natural causes that disrupt a population and cause widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses, exceeding that population's capacity to cope using its own resources. This review highlights the epidemiology and disease patterns in disasters, with specific application to the care of children in the austere environments created in the aftermath of disasters. The review also attempts to describe the experience from a firsthand field hospital perspective of a multinational team in caring for patients in the aftermath of two natural disasters in the Philippines, during both Typhoon Bopha and Typhoon Haiyan. In doing so, we will place these experiences in the context of the current literature on the subject of pediatric management during disaster emergencies and describe lessons learned to refine team approaches and patient care methodologies. The review also discusses methods for improvement in emergency preparedness for disasters, with specific mention of the roles of telemedicine and just-in-time simulation training, when feasible. Lastly, it will review the importance of community and military collaboration and planning for aftercare post-departure of foreign medical teams.
灾害被定义为人为或自然原因，这些原因扰乱了人群，并造成广泛的人员、物质、经济或环境损失，超出了该人群利用自身资源应对的能力。本综述重点介绍了灾害中的流行病学和疾病模式，并特别适用于灾害后严峻环境中儿童的护理。该综述还试图从一个跨国团队的第一手野战医院视角描述在菲律宾两次自然灾害（台风宝霞和台风海燕期间）后照顾患者的经验。在此过程中，我们将把这些经验置于当前关于灾害紧急情况下儿科管理主题的文献背景中，并描述所吸取的教训，以完善团队方法和患者护理方法。该综述还讨论了改善灾害应急准备的方法，特别提到了远程医疗和适时模拟培训在可行时的作用。最后，它将回顾社区与军队合作以及外国医疗队撤离后善后规划的重要性。
