Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR-3212 University of Strasbourg, 8 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
Cell Tissue Res. 2019 Jul;377(1):81-94. doi: 10.1007/s00441-019-03033-7. Epub 2019 May 10.
Mood state alterations are often accompanied by disruptions of daily rhythms of physiology. Circadian rhythms of physiology are controlled by a central clock harbored in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is functionally dependent on the rhythmic expression of several clock genes. The molecular clockwork has been identified in other extra-SCN brain regions, some of which are implicated in the regulation of motivational and emotional states, although their specific circadian role is not fully known. In mood disorders, alterations of the molecular clock have been reported. Thus, functional expression of circadian genes in the brain is compromised in mood diseases. In the present review, we describe the current evidence that implicates the clock gene alterations as an important factor in the development of mood-related disorders. Furthermore, we describe the possible role of other brain clocks, beyond the SCN, in the circadian control of mood. The comprehension of the circadian neural and genetic mechanisms underlying mood alterations might guide towards the identification of optimal drug and non-drug therapies for the cure of depression and other mood disorders.
情绪状态的改变常常伴随着生理日常节律的紊乱。生理节律受位于视交叉上核（SCN）中的中央时钟控制，该时钟的功能依赖于几个时钟基因的有节奏表达。分子时钟已在 SCN 以外的其他脑区被识别，其中一些与动机和情绪状态的调节有关，尽管它们的具体昼夜节律作用尚不完全清楚。在情绪障碍中，已经报道了分子钟的改变。因此，大脑中昼夜节律基因的功能表达在情绪疾病中受到损害。在本综述中，我们描述了当前的证据，表明时钟基因的改变是与情绪相关障碍发展的一个重要因素。此外，我们描述了 SCN 以外的其他脑钟在情绪昼夜节律控制中的可能作用。对情绪改变背后的昼夜神经和遗传机制的理解可能有助于确定治疗抑郁症和其他情绪障碍的最佳药物和非药物治疗方法。
