小胶质细胞：大脑中终生巡逻的免疫细胞。
Microglia: Lifelong patrolling immune cells of the brain.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
出版信息
Prog Neurobiol. 2019 Aug;179:101614. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.003. Epub 2019 May 7.
Microglial cells are the predominant parenchymal immune cell of the brain. Recent evidence suggests that like peripheral immune cells, microglia patrol the brain in health and disease. Reviewing these data, we first examine the evidence that microglia invade the brain mesenchyme early in embryonic development, establish residence therein, proliferate and subsequently maintain their numbers throughout life. We, then, summarize established and novel evidence for microglial process surveillance in the healthy and injured brain. Finally, we discuss emerging evidence for microglial cell body dynamics that challenge existing assumptions of their sessile nature. We conclude that microglia are long-lived immune cells that patrol the brain through both cell body and process movements. This recognition has significant implications for neuroimmune interactions throughout the animal lifespan.
小胶质细胞是大脑中主要的实质免疫细胞。最近的证据表明，小胶质细胞与外周免疫细胞类似，在健康和疾病状态下都在大脑中巡逻。在审查这些数据时，我们首先考察了小胶质细胞在胚胎发育早期侵入脑间质、在其中定居、增殖并随后在整个生命过程中维持其数量的证据。然后，我们总结了小胶质细胞在健康和受损大脑中进行突起监视的已有和新证据。最后，我们讨论了新兴的小胶质细胞细胞体动力学证据，这些证据挑战了它们固定不动的固有假设。我们的结论是，小胶质细胞是长寿的免疫细胞，通过细胞体和突起运动来巡逻大脑。这一认识对整个动物生命周期中的神经免疫相互作用具有重要意义。
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