Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Cardioscan Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
Department of Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Heart Lung Circ. 2019 Oct;28(10):1463-1471. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.03.005. Epub 2019 Apr 26.
Atrial ectopics, also known as a premature atrial complexes (PAC) or atrial premature depolarisations (APD), are supraventricular beats arising from a focus other than the sinus node. Because the various foci provide an array of electrocardiographic (ECG) appearances, an extensive, but confusing nomenclature has developed. Atrial ectopics are a very common finding on Holter ECG monitoring at all ages, the incidence increasing in frequency with age. In the otherwise normal heart, they are generally infrequent and an innocent finding, but in patients with heart disease, they may be a harbinger to more serious atrial tachyarrhythmias. In this review, the ECG footprints of atrial ectopy will be defined. These footprints include prematurity and P wave morphology. The associated features of variable atrioventricular (AV) conduction, variable post-ectopic pauses and variable QRS morphology due to aberrancy will also be discussed. Each of these features will be explained in detail with ECG examples.
房性期前收缩，又称房性早搏（PAC）或房性期前去极化（APD），是指起源于窦房结以外部位的超腔性心搏。由于各起源灶提供了一系列的心电图（ECG）表现，因此产生了广泛但令人困惑的命名法。房性期前收缩在各年龄段的动态心电图监测中都非常常见，其发生率随年龄增长而增加。在心脏正常的情况下，房性期前收缩通常不频繁且是良性的，但在患有心脏病的患者中，它们可能预示着更严重的房性快速性心律失常。在这篇综述中，将定义房性期前收缩的心电图特征。这些特征包括提前出现和 P 波形态。还将讨论由于差异性传导而导致的房室（AV）传导的可变、异位后间期的可变和 QRS 形态的可变。每个特征都将通过心电图示例详细解释。
