Araujo G J, Fagundes R, Antonini Y
Depto de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Univ Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Depto de Ecologia, Univ Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2018 Feb;47(1):26-36. doi: 10.1007/s13744-017-0504-4. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Different aspects of human activities can cause environmental change that endanger species persistence, alter species distributions, and lead to changes in antagonistic and mutualistic interactions, whereas deforestation and flooding of riparian forest results in landscapes consisting of patchily distributed riparian forest fragments in a matrix of pastures, plantations, and urban areas. Therefore, we assessed the richness, abundance, and trophic interactions of trap-nesting Hymenoptera and their parasites at four patches of restored riparian forest and at one reference natural fragment, of different sizes and ages, located at the Volta Grande Reservoir, in Minas Gerais and São Paulo states to answer the following questions: (1) Does the richness and abundance of cavity-nesting bees and wasps differ in riparian forest fragments according to the seasonal periods? (2) Does the composition of cavity-nesting bees and wasps vary among restoration and reference sites and between climate seasons (wet and dry)? (3) How do the degrees of specialization of the parasites vary among the patches of forest? We recorded 12 species of wasps, eight of bees, and nine species of parasites. Areas with longer time since restoration (reference site) showed higher species richness. However, the abundance was higher in most recent areas. The composition of bee and wasp assembly has not significantly changed between the climate seasons, although it is different between sampling areas. The richness and abundance were higher in warmer and rainy periods. The rate of bee and wasp mortality was high. The degree of specialization of parasites varies among sampling units, and the network of host-parasite interaction has a modular configuration with generalists and specialists. We concluded that the restored areas with more complex habitat could provide better conditions for the reestablishment of ecological interactions among these insects, the local flora, and other invertebrates, which together contribute to the success of the restored environments.
人类活动的不同方面会导致环境变化，危及物种的存续，改变物种分布，并引发对抗性和互利性相互作用的变化，而河岸森林的砍伐和洪水泛滥导致景观由分布在牧场、种植园和城市区域矩阵中的零散河岸森林碎片组成。因此，我们评估了位于米纳斯吉拉斯州和圣保罗州的格兰德河水库的四个恢复河岸森林斑块和一个不同大小和年龄的参考自然片段中诱捕巢居膜翅目昆虫及其寄生虫的丰富度、丰度和营养相互作用，以回答以下问题：（1）根据季节，河岸森林碎片中洞巢蜜蜂和黄蜂的丰富度和丰度是否不同？（2）洞巢蜜蜂和黄蜂的组成在恢复地点和参考地点之间以及气候季节（湿季和干季）之间是否有所不同？（3）寄生虫的专业化程度在森林斑块之间如何变化？我们记录了12种黄蜂、8种蜜蜂和9种寄生虫。恢复时间较长的区域（参考地点）物种丰富度较高。然而，在最新区域丰度较高。蜜蜂和黄蜂群落的组成在气候季节之间没有显著变化，尽管在采样区域之间有所不同。在温暖多雨时期丰富度和丰度较高。蜜蜂和黄蜂的死亡率很高。寄生虫的专业化程度在采样单位之间有所不同，宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用网络具有由泛化种和特化种组成的模块化结构。我们得出结论，具有更复杂栖息地的恢复区域可以为这些昆虫、当地植物群和其他无脊椎动物之间生态相互作用的重建提供更好的条件，这些共同促成了恢复环境的成功。
