Pathologie Végétale, INRA, 84140, Montfavet, France; email:
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2019 Aug 25;57:63-90. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100034. Epub 2019 May 13.
Strategies to manage plant disease-from use of resistant varieties to crop rotation, elimination of reservoirs, landscape planning, surveillance, quarantine, risk modeling, and anticipation of disease emergences-all rely on knowledge of pathogen host range. However, awareness of the multitude of factors that influence the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these factors, and the diversity of any given pathogen makes it increasingly challenging to define simple, all-purpose rules to circumscribe the host range of a pathogen. For bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and viruses, we illustrate that host range is often an overlapping continuum-more so than the separation of discrete pathotypes-and that host jumps are common. By setting the mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions into the scales of contemporary land use and Earth history, we propose a framework to assess the frontiers of host range for practical applications and research on pathogen evolution.
管理植物病害的策略——从使用抗性品种到轮作、消除病源、景观规划、监测、检疫、风险建模以及预测病害的出现——都依赖于对病原体宿主范围的了解。然而，由于影响植物-微生物相互作用结果的众多因素、这些因素的时空动态以及任何给定病原体的多样性，制定简单、通用的规则来界定病原体的宿主范围变得越来越具有挑战性。对于细菌、真菌、卵菌和病毒，我们说明宿主范围通常是一个重叠的连续体——比离散的生理小种的分离更为显著——并且宿主跳跃是常见的。通过将植物-病原体相互作用的机制置于当代土地利用和地球历史的尺度上，我们提出了一个框架，以评估宿主范围在实际应用和病原体进化研究中的前沿。
