Properties of talin from chicken gizzard smooth muscle.

This paper describes the structural and biochemical characterization of talin, a protein localized to various cellular sites where bundles of actin filaments attach to the plasma membrane. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein has a molecular mass of 225,000 +/- 5,000 daltons. Hydrodynamic measurements at protein concentrations less than 0.72 mg/ml indicate a monomeric protein with a native molecular mass of 213,000 +/- 15,000 daltons. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments indicate self-association at protein concentrations of 0.72 mg/ml and higher. The data suggest that this self-association is a simple monomer:dimer equilibrium over the range of concentrations observed. At low protein concentrations where talin is a monomer, the Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient vary with ionic strength. Under low ionic strength conditions (5-20 mM NaCl), talin has a Stokes radius of 6.5 nm and a sedimentation value of 9.4, suggesting an asymmetric globular molecule; whereas under high ionic strength conditions (200 mM NaCl), the Stokes radius increases to 7.7 nm and the sedimentation coefficient decreases to 8.8, suggesting a more elongated protein. This conformation change is confirmed by electron microscopy which reveals a more globular protein at low ionic strength which unfolds to become an elongated flexible molecule as the ionic strength is increased to physiological and higher levels. The amino acid composition of talin indicates a low level of aromatic residues, consistent with its relatively low extinction coefficient, talin has an isoelectric point between pH 6.7 and 6.8 based on isoelectric focusing. The detailed purification of talin is described.