School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China.
Translational Medicine Research Center‑Key Laboratory for Cancer T‑Cell Theragnostic and Clinical Translation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2022 May;49(5). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5116. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
The mechanical signals within the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and integrins function as the hub between the ECM and cellular actin. Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi‑protein, integrin‑containing complexes, acting as tension‑sensing anchoring points that bond cells to the extracellular microenvironment. Talin‑1 serves as the central protein of FAs that participates in the activation of integrins and connects them with the actin cytoskeleton. As a cytoplasmic protein, Talin‑1 consists of a globular head domain and a long rod comprised of a series of α‑helical bundles. The unique structure of the Talin‑1 rod domain permits folding and unfolding in response to the mechanical stress, revealing various binding sites. Thus, conformation changes of the Talin‑1 rod domain enable the cell to convert mechanical signals into chemical through multiple signaling pathways. The present review discusses the binding partners of Talin‑1, their interactions, effects on the cellular processes, and their possible roles in diseases.
细胞外基质 (ECM) 中的机械信号调节细胞的生长、增殖和分化，整合素作为 ECM 和细胞肌动蛋白之间的枢纽发挥作用。黏着斑 (FA) 是一种多蛋白、包含整合素的复合物，作为张力感应的锚定点，将细胞与细胞外微环境连接起来。Talin-1 作为 FA 的核心蛋白，参与整合素的激活，并将其与肌动蛋白细胞骨架连接起来。作为一种细胞质蛋白，Talin-1 由一个球形头部结构域和一个由一系列α-螺旋束组成的长杆组成。Talin-1 杆状结构域的独特结构允许其折叠和展开以响应机械应力，从而暴露出各种结合位点。因此，Talin-1 杆状结构域的构象变化使细胞能够通过多种信号通路将机械信号转化为化学信号。本综述讨论了 Talin-1 的结合伙伴、它们的相互作用、对细胞过程的影响以及它们在疾病中的可能作用。
