Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg.
Center for NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2019 Aug;32(4):539-547. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000705.
To give an update on recent imaging studies probing positron emission tomography (PET) as a tool for improving biomarker-guided diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Several studies confirmed the value of imaging of regional neuronal activity and imaging of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and other neuroreceptor function in the diagnostic process of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, depression/bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Additionally, imaging brain microglial activation using translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) radiotracer allows for unique in-vivo insights into pathophysiological neuroinflammatory changes underlying schizophrenia, affective disorders, and OCD.
The role of PET imaging in the biomarker-guided diagnostic process of neuropsychiatric disorders has been increasingly acknowledged in recent years. Future prospective studies are needed to define the value of PET imaging for diagnosis, treatment decisions, and prognosis in neuropsychiatric disorders.
介绍正电子发射断层扫描（PET）作为一种改善神经精神疾病生物标志物导向诊断的工具的最新影像学研究进展。
几项研究证实了成像区域神经元活性和成像多巴胺能、血清素能和其他神经受体功能在神经精神疾病（特别是精神分裂症、抑郁症/双相障碍、物质使用障碍、强迫症（OCD）和注意缺陷/多动障碍）的诊断过程中的价值。此外，使用转位蛋白 18 kDa（TSPO）放射性示踪剂对脑小胶质细胞激活进行成像，可以深入了解精神分裂症、情感障碍和强迫症的潜在神经炎症变化的病理生理机制。
近年来，PET 成像在神经精神疾病生物标志物导向诊断过程中的作用得到了越来越多的认可。未来需要前瞻性研究来确定 PET 成像在神经精神疾病的诊断、治疗决策和预后中的价值。
