Department of Cardiology, Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven - Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Int J Cardiol. 2019 Sep 1;290:156-161. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 May 4.
Gender differences in the outcome of acquired cardiovascular disease are well known, but available literature on the influence of gender in congenital heart disease (CHD) is limited. Registries have provided valuable, albeit at times conflicting data. Higher mortality rates have been reported in older males with CHD, while sudden cardiac death is more prevalent in young males. However, mortality around surgery for CHD is higher in girls compared to boys, likely due to smaller body size. Women are at higher risk of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension, but at lower risk of adverse aortic outcomes, even though they are less likely to receive aortic surgery. Finally, women have a lower risk of presenting with infective endocarditis compared to men. The underlying reasons for gender differences in CHD can be attributed to genetic, hormonal, behavioural and other causes. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of available evidence on gender differences in CHD and their impact on outcome.
性别差异在后天获得性心血管疾病的结局中是众所周知的，但关于先天性心脏病（CHD）中性别影响的现有文献是有限的。注册研究提供了有价值的信息，尽管有时存在矛盾。有研究报告称，年龄较大的男性 CHD 患者死亡率更高，而年轻男性更易发生心源性猝死。然而，与男孩相比，接受 CHD 手术的女孩死亡率更高，这可能是由于她们的体型较小。女性患肺动脉高压的风险更高，但发生主动脉不良结局的风险较低，尽管她们接受主动脉手术的可能性较小。最后，与男性相比，女性患感染性心内膜炎的风险较低。CHD 中性别差异的根本原因可归因于遗传、激素、行为和其他因素。本文的目的是提供 CHD 中性别差异及其对结局影响的现有证据概述。
