Chattaraj Rajarshi, Blum Nicholas T, Goodwin Andrew P
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder. Boulder, CO 80309.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. University of Colorado Boulder. Boulder, CO 80303.
Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 Apr;40:14-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Oct 21.
Biomimetic colloidal particles are promising agents for biosensing, but current technologies fall far short of Nature's capabilities for sensing, assessing, and responding to stimuli. Phospholipid-containing cell membranes are capable of binding and responding to an enormous variety of biomolecules by virtue of membrane organization and the presence of receptor proteins. By tuning the composition and functionalization of simulated membranes, soft colloids such as droplets and bubbles can be designed to respond to various stimuli. Moreover, because lipid monolayers can surround almost any hydrophobic phase, the interior of the colloid can be selected to provide a sensitive readout, for example in the form of optical microscopy or acoustic detection. In this work, we review some advances made by our group and others in the formulation of lipid-coated particles with different internal phases such as fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, or liquid crystals. In some cases, binding or displacement of stabilizing lipids gives rise to conformational changes or disruptions in local membrane geometry, which can be amplified by the interior phase. In other cases, multivalent analytes can promote aggregation or even membrane fusion, which can be utilized for optical or acoustic readout. By highlighting a few recent examples, we hope to show that lipid monolayers represent an extremely versatile biosensing platform that can react to and detect biomolecules by leveraging the unique capabilities of phospholipid membranes.
仿生胶体颗粒是生物传感领域很有前景的试剂，但目前的技术与自然界感知、评估和响应刺激的能力相比仍有很大差距。含磷脂的细胞膜能够通过膜组织和受体蛋白的存在与各种各样的生物分子结合并做出反应。通过调整模拟膜的组成和功能化，可以设计出液滴和气泡等软胶体来响应各种刺激。此外，由于脂质单分子层几乎可以包围任何疏水相，因此可以选择胶体内部以提供灵敏的读数，例如以光学显微镜或声学检测的形式。在这项工作中，我们回顾了我们小组和其他研究小组在制备具有不同内相（如碳氟化合物、碳氢化合物或液晶）的脂质包被颗粒方面取得的一些进展。在某些情况下，稳定脂质的结合或置换会导致构象变化或局部膜几何形状的破坏，这可以通过内相放大。在其他情况下，多价分析物可以促进聚集甚至膜融合，这可用于光学或声学读数。通过重点介绍一些最近的例子，我们希望表明脂质单分子层代表了一个极其通用的生物传感平台，它可以利用磷脂膜的独特能力对生物分子做出反应并进行检测。
