Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Room 801N, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Sep;76(17):3383-3406. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03134-0. Epub 2019 May 13.
Emergence of novel treatment modalities provides effective therapeutic options, apart from conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, to fight against colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, drug resistance remains a huge challenge in clinics, leading to invariable occurrence of disease progression after treatment initiation. While novel drug development is unfavorable in terms of time frame and costs, drug repurposing is one of the promising strategies to combat resistance. This approach refers to the application of clinically available drugs to treat a different disease. With the well-established safety profile and optimal dosing of these approved drugs, their combination with current cancer therapy is suggested to provide an economical, safe and efficacious approach to overcome drug resistance and prolong patient survival. Here, we review both preclinical and clinical efficacy, as well as cellular mechanisms, of some extensively studied repurposed drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, metformin, chloroquine, disulfiram, niclosamide, zoledronic acid and angiotensin receptor blockers. The three major treatment modalities in the management of colorectal cancer, namely classical cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy, are covered in this review.
新型治疗方法的出现除了传统的细胞毒性化疗外，还为对抗结直肠癌提供了有效的治疗选择。不幸的是，耐药性仍然是临床中的一个巨大挑战，导致治疗开始后疾病不可避免地进展。虽然新型药物开发在时间框架和成本方面不利，但药物再利用是对抗耐药性的一种有前途的策略。这种方法是指将临床可用的药物应用于治疗不同的疾病。由于这些已批准药物的安全性和最佳剂量已经确立，因此建议将它们与当前的癌症治疗联合使用，以提供一种经济、安全和有效的方法来克服耐药性并延长患者的生存时间。在这里，我们回顾了一些广泛研究的再利用药物的临床前和临床疗效以及细胞机制，包括非甾体抗炎药、他汀类药物、二甲双胍、氯喹、双硫仑、硝呋酰胺、唑来膦酸和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂。本综述涵盖了结直肠癌治疗的三种主要治疗方法，即经典细胞毒性化疗、分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗。
