Clinical significance of signs of autoimmune colitis in F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography of 100 stage-IV melanoma patients.

Autoimmune colitis is a typical and possible severe side effect among patients treated with ipilimumab. We prospectively included 100 patients with metastasized melanoma under ipilimumab treatment in a radiological study of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (F-FDG PET-CT). PET evidence of pancolitis ('PET-colitis') was correlated with clinical variables. We observed a significant correlation between PET-colitis and clinically significant diarrhoea, although PET-colitis was more frequent (49 vs 29% of patients, respectively). Neither PET-colitis nor diarrhoea was significantly correlated with response to therapy. Other immune-related adverse events, however, such as hypophysitis and hepatitis were associated with response to therapy and overall survival. Increased F-FDG uptake in the colon correlated with clinical symptoms but did not predict clinical outcome to ipilimumab.