Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Jun;17(6):383-390. doi: 10.1038/s41579-019-0191-8.
Human-associated microbial communities have adapted to environmental pressures. Doses of antibiotics select for a community with increased antibiotic resistance, inflammation is accompanied by expansion of community members equipped to flourish in the presence of immune effectors and Western diets shift the microbiota away from fibre degraders in favour of species that thrive on mucus. Recent data suggest that the microbiota of industrialized societies differs substantially from the recent ancestral microbiota of humans. Rapid modernization, including medical practices and dietary changes, is causing progressive deterioration of the microbiota, and we hypothesize that this may contribute to various diseases prevalent in industrialized societies. In this Opinion article, we explore whether individuals in the industrialized world may be harbouring a microbial community that, while compatible with our environment, is now incompatible with our human biology.
人类相关的微生物群落已经适应了环境压力。抗生素的剂量选择会增加对抗生素的抗性，炎症伴随着能够在免疫效应物存在的情况下繁荣的群落成员的扩张，而西方饮食则使微生物群落从纤维降解菌转移到更适合在黏液中生长的物种。最近的数据表明，工业化社会的微生物群落与人类最近的祖先微生物群落有很大的不同。快速的现代化，包括医疗实践和饮食的改变，正在导致微生物群落的逐渐恶化，我们假设这可能导致工业化社会中流行的各种疾病。在这篇观点文章中，我们探讨了在工业化世界中的个体是否可能携带着一种微生物群落，尽管这种群落与我们的环境相适应，但现在与我们的人类生物学不相容。
