MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2020 Jan;106(1):30-46. doi: 10.1007/s00223-019-00560-x. Epub 2019 May 14.
Vitamin D has important roles in calcium metabolism and in the prevention of rickets and osteomalacia; low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are common in the general population and amongst pregnant women. Whilst there is a wealth of observational evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to a wide range of disease outcomes, there are currently few high-quality randomised controlled trials to confirm any causal associations, although many are currently in progress. Furthermore, currently, the vast majority of published guidelines recommend standard supplemental vitamin D doses for children and pregnant women, yet there is increasing recognition that individual characteristics and genetic factors may influence the response to supplementation. As such, future research needs to concentrate on documenting definite beneficial clinical outcomes of vitamin D supplementation, and establishing personalised dosing schedules and demonstrating effective approaches to optimising initiation and adherence.
维生素 D 在钙代谢和预防佝偻病和骨软化症方面具有重要作用；25-羟维生素 D 水平低在普通人群和孕妇中很常见。虽然有大量的观察性证据将维生素 D 缺乏与广泛的疾病结果联系起来，但目前几乎没有高质量的随机对照试验来证实任何因果关系，尽管许多试验正在进行中。此外，目前，绝大多数已发表的指南建议儿童和孕妇补充标准维生素 D 剂量，但人们越来越认识到个体特征和遗传因素可能会影响补充的效果。因此，未来的研究需要集中精力记录维生素 D 补充的明确有益的临床结果，并制定个性化的剂量方案，证明优化起始和坚持的有效方法。
