Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Feb 1;15(2):222-230. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0039. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
The current study aimed to compare the effects of plyometric (PT) versus optimum power load (OPL) training on physical performance of young high-level soccer players.
Athletes were randomly divided into PT (horizontal and vertical drills) and OPL (squat + hip thrust exercises at the load of maximum power output) interventions, applied over 7 weeks during the in-season period. Squat and countermovement jumps, maximal sprint (10 and 30 m), and change of direction (COD; agility t test) were the pretraining and posttraining measured performance variables. Magnitude-based inference was used for within- and between-group comparisons.
OPL training induced moderate improvements in vertical squat jump (effect size [ES]: 0.97; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-1.61) and countermovement jump (ES: 1.02; 90% CI, 0.46-1.57), 30-m sprint speed (ES: 1.02; 90% CI, 0.09-1.95), and COD performance (ES: 0.93; 90% CI, 0.50-1.36). After PT training method, vertical squat jump (ES: 1.08; 90% CI, 0.66-1.51) and countermovement jump (ES: 0.62; 90% CI, 0.18-1.06) were moderately increased, while small enhancements were noticed for 30-m sprint speed (ES: 0.21; 90% CI, -0.02 to 0.45) and COD performance (ES: 0.53; 90% CI, 0.24-0.81). The 10-m sprint speed possibly increased after PT intervention (small ES: 0.25; 90% CI, -0.05 to 0.54), but no substantial change (small ES: 0.36; 90% CI, -0.40 to 1.13) was noticed in OPL. For between-group analyses, the COD ability and 30-m sprint performances were possibly (small ES: 0.30; 90% CI, -0.20 to 0.81; Δ = +1.88%) and likely (moderate ES: 0.81; 90% CI, -0.16 to 1.78; Δ = +2.38%) more improved in the OPL than in the PT intervention, respectively.
The 2 different training programs improved physical performance outcomes during the in-season period. However, the combination of vertically and horizontally based training exercises (squat + hip thrust) at optimum power zone led to superior gains in COD and 30-m linear sprint performances.
本研究旨在比较增强式训练（PT）与最佳功率负荷（OPL）训练对高水平青年足球运动员身体表现的影响。
运动员被随机分为 PT（水平和垂直训练）和 OPL（深蹲+髋关节推力练习，负荷为最大输出功率）干预组，在赛季期间进行 7 周的干预。深蹲和纵跳、最大冲刺（10 米和 30 米）和变向能力（敏捷 T 测试）是训练前和训练后的测量表现变量。使用基于幅度的推理进行组内和组间比较。
OPL 训练引起了垂直深蹲跳（效应量[ES]：0.97；90%置信区间[CI]，0.32-1.61）和纵跳（ES：1.02；90% CI，0.46-1.57）、30 米冲刺速度（ES：1.02；90% CI，0.09-1.95）和变向能力（ES：0.93；90% CI，0.50-1.36）的中等改善。经过 PT 训练方法，垂直深蹲跳（ES：1.08；90% CI，0.66-1.51）和纵跳（ES：0.62；90% CI，0.18-1.06）中等增加，而 30 米冲刺速度（ES：0.21；90% CI，-0.02 至 0.45）和变向能力（ES：0.53；90% CI，0.24-0.81）则略有提高。PT 干预后 10 米冲刺速度可能有所提高（小 ES：0.25；90% CI，-0.05 至 0.54），但 OPL 中没有观察到实质性变化（小 ES：0.36；90% CI，-0.40 至 1.13）。对于组间分析，变向能力和 30 米冲刺表现可能（小 ES：0.30；90% CI，-0.20 至 0.81；Δ=+1.88%）和可能（中 ES：0.81；90% CI，-0.16 至 1.78；Δ=+2.38%）在 OPL 中比在 PT 干预中更有改善。
在赛季期间，两种不同的训练方案均提高了身体表现结果。然而，在最佳功率区域结合垂直和水平训练练习（深蹲+髋关节推力）可导致变向能力和 30 米直线冲刺表现的更大提升。
