Research and Translation, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Br J Sports Med. 2019 Jun;53(11):722-730. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100620.
To identify and quantify determinants of anxiety symptoms and disorders experienced by elite athletes.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Five online databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane) were searched up to November 2018 to identify eligible citations.
Articles were included if they were published in English, were quantitative studies and measured a symptom-level anxiety outcome in competing or retired athletes at the professional (including professional youth), Olympic or collegiate/university levels.
We screened 1163 articles; 61 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 of them were suitable for meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias for included studies was low. Athletes and non-athletes had no differences in anxiety profiles (=-0.11, p=0.28). Pooled effect sizes, demonstrating moderate effects, were identified for (1) career dissatisfaction (=0.45; higher anxiety in dissatisfied athletes), (2) gender (=0.38; higher anxiety in female athletes), (3) age (=-0.34; higher anxiety for younger athletes) and (4) musculoskeletal injury (=0.31; higher anxiety for injured athletes). A small pooled effect was found for recent adverse life events (=0.26)-higher anxiety in athletes who had experienced one or more recent adverse life events.
Determinants of anxiety in elite populations broadly reflect those experienced by the general population. Clinicians should be aware of these general and athlete-specific determinants of anxiety among elite athletes.
确定和量化精英运动员所经历的焦虑症状和障碍的决定因素。
系统回顾和荟萃分析。
五个在线数据库（PubMed、SportDiscus、PsycINFO、Scopus 和 Cochrane）进行了搜索，以确定符合条件的参考文献，截止日期为 2018 年 11 月。
如果文章以英文发表，是定量研究，并且在专业（包括专业青年）、奥林匹克或大学/大学水平的现役或退役运动员中测量了症状水平的焦虑结果，则将其纳入研究。
我们筛选了 1163 篇文章；系统评价纳入了 61 项研究，其中 27 项适合荟萃分析。纳入研究的总体偏倚风险较低。运动员和非运动员的焦虑特征没有差异（=-0.11，p=0.28）。有 4 个方面的汇总效应大小表明存在中度效应，分别是（1）职业不满（=0.45；不满意的运动员焦虑程度更高），（2）性别（=0.38；女运动员焦虑程度更高），（3）年龄（=-0.34；年轻运动员焦虑程度更高）和（4）肌肉骨骼损伤（=0.31；受伤运动员焦虑程度更高）。最近发生的生活事件（=0.26）也存在较小的汇总效应，经历过一个或多个最近发生的生活事件的运动员焦虑程度更高。
精英人群中焦虑的决定因素在很大程度上反映了一般人群中所经历的决定因素。临床医生应该意识到这些决定因素，了解精英运动员中焦虑的一般和运动员特定因素。
