接受与适应：一项关于居家护理高龄老年听障和视障患者生活体验的定性研究。
Acceptance and adjustment: A qualitative study of experiences of hearing and vision impairments and daily life among oldest old recipients of home care.
机构信息
Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
Section of Nursing, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
出版信息
Int J Older People Nurs. 2019 Sep;14(3):e12236. doi: 10.1111/opn.12236. Epub 2019 May 17.
INTRODUCTION
The severity of age-related hearing and vision impairments increases with age. Such sensory impairments are risk factors for functional decline, reduced social participation, withdrawal, depression and accidents, and hence they make people vulnerable and adversely affect their quality of life.
AIM
The aim of this study was to explore how the oldest old recipients of home care experience sensory impairments in daily life.
DESIGN
An inductive, descriptive research design was used.
METHOD
Ten recipients of home care with a mean age of 89 years were interviewed in their homes. The study was implemented in accordance with the suggestions from Elo and Kyngäs for inductive content analysis.
FINDINGS
The main theme concerned acceptance and adjustment in daily life. Subcategories concerning the category of reduced hearing were identified as "acceptable though annoying" and "hesitant about using hearing aids." Subcategories concerning the category of reduced vision were "reading is increasingly challenging" and "living with vision diseases." The third category of feeling weak was elucidated in the subcategories "troublesome bodily changes" and "strenuous days with limited energy."
CONCLUSIONS
It is imperative to recognise that the oldest old are in a distinct phase of the lifespan. Despite this population being aware of their hearing and vision impairments, they do not always have the strength to alter the situation. Instead they accept it; they often struggle with more serious health challenges. Therefore, they are not prioritising using their limited energy reserves to try to improve or optimise their hearing and vision impairments themselves.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
The oldest old with sensory impairments cannot be expected to perform all the necessary activities of daily living or address their functional sensory impairments. Close monitoring and assistance need to be applied to the oldest old.
引言
与年龄相关的听力和视力损伤的严重程度会随年龄增长而增加。这些感官损伤是功能下降、社交参与减少、退缩、抑郁和事故的风险因素，因此使人们易受伤害，并对他们的生活质量产生不利影响。
目的
本研究旨在探讨家庭护理中最年长的老年人如何在日常生活中体验感官损伤。
设计
采用归纳、描述性研究设计。
方法
对 10 名平均年龄为 89 岁的家庭护理接受者进行了家庭访谈。该研究是按照 Elo 和 Kyngäs 对归纳内容分析的建议进行的。
结果
主要主题涉及日常生活中的接受和调整。与听力下降类别相关的子类别包括“虽然烦人但可以接受”和“对使用助听器犹豫不决”；与视力下降类别相关的子类别包括“阅读越来越具有挑战性”和“与视力疾病共存”；感觉虚弱的第三个类别在“身体变化麻烦”和“精力有限的紧张日子”这两个子类别中得到了阐明。
结论
必须认识到，最年长的老年人处于生命历程的一个独特阶段。尽管这一人群意识到自己的听力和视力损伤，但他们并不总是有力量改变这种情况。相反，他们接受了它；他们经常与更严重的健康挑战作斗争。因此，他们并没有将有限的精力储备用于优先改善或优化自己的听力和视力损伤。
实践意义
有感官损伤的最年长的老年人不可能执行所有必要的日常生活活动或解决他们的功能性感官损伤。需要对最年长的老年人进行密切监测和帮助。
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