National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2 Sen-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al Beheira, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2 Sen-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2019 Aug;10(5):949-958. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.04.016. Epub 2019 Apr 28.
Currently, chemotherapeutics against piroplasmosis are also associated with toxicity and the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. Therefore, the discovery of new drug compounds is necessary for the effective control of bovine and equine piroplasms. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Camellia sinensis (green tea) have several documented medicinal properties. In the present study, the growth-inhibiting effects of S. aromaticum and C. sinensis methanolic extracts were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values for methanolic S. aromaticum against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and Theileria equi were 109.8 ± 3.8, 8.7 ± 0.09, 76.4 ± 4.5, 19.6 ± 2.2, and 60 ± 7.3 μg/ml, respectively. Methanolic C. sinensis exhibited IC values of 114 ± 6.1, 71.3 ± 3.7, 35.9 ± 6.8, 32.7 ± 20.3, and 60.8 ± 7.9 μg/ml against B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and T. equi, respectively. The toxicity assay on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3), and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell lines showed that methanolic S. aromaticum and methanolic C. sinensis affected only the viability of the MDBK cell line with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC) of 894.7 ± 4.9 and 473.7 ± 7.4 μg/ml, respectively, while the viability of NIH/3T3 and HFF cell lines was not affected even at 1000 μg/ml. In the in vivo experiment, methanolic S. aromaticum and methanolic C. sinensis oral treatments at 150 mg/kg inhibited the growth of Babesia microti in mice by 69.2% and 42.4%, respectively. These findings suggest that methanolic S. aromaticum and methanolic C. sinensis extracts have the potential as alternative remedies for treating piroplasmosis.
目前，针对梨形虫病的化疗药物也与毒性和耐药寄生虫的出现有关。因此，有必要发现新的药物化合物，以有效控制牛和马梨形虫病。丁香（丁香）和绿茶（绿茶）具有多种已记录的药用特性。在本研究中，评估了丁香和绿茶甲醇提取物的体外和体内生长抑制作用。甲醇丁香对牛巴贝斯虫、双芽巴贝斯虫、分歧巴贝斯虫、马巴贝斯虫和马泰勒虫的半最大抑制浓度（IC）值分别为 109.8±3.8、8.7±0.09、76.4±4.5、19.6±2.2 和 60±7.3μg/ml。甲醇绿茶对牛巴贝斯虫、双芽巴贝斯虫、分歧巴贝斯虫、马巴贝斯虫和马泰勒虫的 IC 值分别为 114±6.1、71.3±3.7、35.9±6.8、32.7±20.3 和 60.8±7.9μg/ml。对马-达比牛肾（MDBK）、小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（NIH/3T3）和人包皮成纤维细胞（HFF）细胞系的毒性测定表明，甲醇丁香和甲醇绿茶仅影响 MDBK 细胞系的活力，半最大有效浓度（EC）分别为 894.7±4.9 和 473.7±7.4μg/ml，而 NIH/3T3 和 HFF 细胞系的活力即使在 1000μg/ml 时也不受影响。在体内实验中，甲醇丁香和甲醇绿茶口服 150mg/kg 治疗可使小鼠感染微小巴贝斯虫的生长抑制率分别达到 69.2%和 42.4%。这些发现表明，甲醇丁香和甲醇绿茶提取物具有作为治疗梨形虫病的替代疗法的潜力。
